К вопросу о потребности в белке пациентов отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии
#2018-3
PDF_2018-3_59-66

Ключевые слова

критические состояния
отделения реанимации и интенсивной терапии
потребности в макронутриентах
потребность в белке

Как цитировать

Лейдерман И.Н., Ярошецкий А. К вопросу о потребности в белке пациентов отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии. Вестник интенсивной терапии имени А.И. Салтанова. 2018;(3):59–66. doi:10.21320/1818-474X-2018-3-59-66.

Статистика

Просмотров аннотации: 21
PDF_2018-3_59-66 загрузок: 7
Статистика с 21.01.2023

Аннотация

Потребности в макро- и микронутриентах пациентов отделений реанимации и интенсивной терапии (ОРИТ), находящихся в критических состояниях, активно обсуждаются в течение последних лет. Опубликованные в 2016 и 2017 гг. клинические рекомендации и обзоры предлагают существенно повысить доставку белка у ряда категорий реанимационных пациентов до 2–2,5 г/кг/сут. Однако проведенный подробный анализ основных источников данных рекомендаций (International Protein Summit и совместной Рекомендации Американского общества критической медицины и Американского общества парентерального и энтерального питания 2016 г.) позволил выявить целый ряд серьезных противоречий и отсутствие очевидной доказательной базы, позволяющей рекомендовать высокие дозы белка. Так, в основных источниках, на которые ссылаются сторонники высоких доз белка в ОРИТ, нам не удалось найти каких-либо аргументов, позволяющих рекомендовать введение пациенту ОРИТ белка в дозировке более 1,5 г/кг/сут. Напротив, коридор оптимальной белковой нагрузки, определенный в большинстве исследований, посвященных потребности пациента ОРИТ в белке и энергии, — 1,2–1,5 г/кг/сут. Рекомендации по обеспечению пациентов ОРИТ с морбидным ожирением гипокалорической и высокобелковой диетой, во-первых, имеют низкий уровень доказательств, а во-вторых, в реальной клинической практике невыполнимы.
https://doi.org/10.21320/1818-474X-2018-3-59-66
PDF_2018-3_59-66

Библиографические ссылки

  1. Hurt R.T., McClave S.A., Martindale R.G., et al. Summary Points and Consensus Recommendations From the International Protein Summit. Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2017; 32(Supp. 1): 142S–151S.
  2. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). JPEN. 2016; 40(2): 159–211.
  3. Strack van Schijndel R.J., Weijs P.J., Koopmans R.H., et al. Optimal nutrition during the period of mechanical ventilation decreases mortality in critically ill, long-term acute female patients: a prospective observational cohort study. Crit. Care. 2009; 13(4): R132.
  4. Alberda C., Gramlich L., Jones N., et al. The relationship between nutritional intake and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: results of an international multicenter observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2009; 35(10): 1728–1737.
  5. Weijs P.J., Stapel S.N., de Groot S.D., et al. Optimal protein and energy nutrition decreases mortality in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a prospective observational cohort study. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 2012; 36(1): 60–68.
  6. Weijs P.J., Sauerwein H.P., Kondrup J. Protein recommendations in the ICU: G protein/kg body weight—which body weight for underweight and obese patients? Clin. Nutr. 2012; 31(5): 774–775.
  7. Allingstrup M.J., Esmailzadeh N., Wilkens Knudsen A. Provision of protein and energy in relation to measured requirements in intensive care patients. Clin. Nutr. 2012; 31(4): 462–468.
  8. Clifton G.L., Robertson C.S., Contant C.F. Enteral hyperalimentation in head injury. J. Neurosurg. 1985; 62(2): 186–193.
  9. Scheinkestel C.D., Kar L., Marshall K. Prospective randomized trial to assess caloric and protein needs of critically ill, anuric, ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. Nutrition. 2003; 19(11–12): 909–916.
  10. Rennie M.J. Anabolic resistance in critically ill patients. Crit. Care Med. 2009; 37(Suppl. 10): S398–399.
  11. Rennie M.J. Anabolic resistance: the effects of aging, sexual dimorphism, and immobilization on human muscle protein turnover. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2009; 34(3): 377–381.
  12. Biolo G., Toigo G., Ciocchi B., et al. Metabolic response to injury and sepsis: changes in protein metabolism. Nutrition. 1997; 13(Suppl. 9): 52S–57S.
  13. Mansoor O., Breuille D., Bechereau F., et al. Effect of an enteral diet supplemented with a specific blend of amino acid on plasma and muscle protein synthesis in ICU patients. Clin. Nutr. 2007; 26(1): 30–40.
  14. Moore D.R., Churchward-Venne T.A., Witard O., et al. Protein ingestion to stimulate myofibrillar protein synthesis requires greater relative protein intakes in healthy older versus younger men. J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2015; 70(1): 57–62.
  15. Wall B.T., Gorissen S.H., Pennings B., et al. Aging is accompanied by a blunted muscle protein synthetic response to protein ingestion. PLoS One. 2015; 10(11): e0140903.
  16. Dickerson R.N., Maish G.O., Croce M.A., et al. Influence of aging on nitrogen accretion during critical illness. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 2015; 39(3): 282–290.
  17. Monk D.N., Plank L.D., Franch-Arcas G., et al. Sequential changes in the metabolic response in critically injured patients during the first 25 days after blunt trauma. Ann. Surg. 1996; 223(4): 395–405.
  18. Scheinkestel C.D., Kar L., Marshall K., et al. Prospective randomized trial to assess caloric and protein needs of critically ill, anuric, ventilated patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. Nutrition. 2003; 19(11–12): 909–916.
  19. Shaw J.H., Wildbore M., Wolfe R.R. Whole body protein kinetics in severely septic patients: the response to glucose infusion and total parenteral nutrition. Ann. Surg. 1987; 205(3): 288–294.
  20. Larsson J., Lennmarken C., Mårtensson J., et al. Nitrogen requirements in severely injured patients. Br. J. Surg. 1990; 77(4): 413–416.
  21. Ishibashi N., Plank L.D., Sando K., Hill G.L. Optimal protein requirements during the first 2 weeks after the onset of critical illness. Crit. Care Med. 1998; 26(9): 1529–1535.
  22. Liebau F., Sundström M., van Loon L.J., et al. Short-term amino acid infusion improves protein balance in critically ill patients. Crit. Care. 2015; 19:106.
  23. Rudman D., DiFulco T.J., Galambos J.T., et al. Maximal rates of excretion and synthesis of urea in normal and cirrhotic subjects. J. Clin. Invest. 1973; 52(9): 2241–2249.
  24. Pearl R.H., Clowes G.H. Jr., Hirsch E.F., et al. Prognosis and survival as determined by visceral amino acid clearance in severe trauma. J. Trauma. 1985; 25(8): 777–783.
  25. Cerra F.B., Siegel J.H., Coleman B., et al. Septic autocannibalism: a failure of exogenous nutritional support. Ann. Surg. 1980; 192(4): 570–580.
  26. Pittiruti M., Siegel J.H., Sganga G., et al. Determinants of urea nitrogen production in sepsis: muscle catabolism, total parenteral nutrition, and hepatic clearance of amino acids. Arch. Surg. 1989; 124(3): 362–372
  27. Sprung C.L., Cerra F.B., Freund H.R., et al. Amino acid alterations and encephalopathy in the sepsis syndrome. Crit. Care Med. 1991; 19(6): 753–757.
  28. Lamiell J.J., Ducey J.P., Freese-Kepczyk B.J., et al. Essential amino acid-induced adult hyperammonemic encephalopathy and hypophosphatemia. Crit. Care Med. 1990; 18(4): 451–452.
  29. Perez-Barcena J. et al. A randomized trial of intravenous glutamine supplementation in trauma ICU patients. Intensive Care Med. 2014; 40(4): 539–547.
  30. Andrews P.J.D. et al. for the SIGNET trials group. Randomized trial of glutamine, selenium, or both, to supplemental parenteral nutrition for critically ill patients. BMJ. 2011; 342: d1542.
  31. Heyland D.K. et al. A RCT of glutamine and antioxidants in critically ill pts. N. Engl. J. Med. 2013; 368(16): 1489–1497.
  32. Hoffer L.J. How much protein do parenteral amino acid mixtures provide? Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011; 94(6): 1396–1398.
  33. Dickerson R.N. Assessing nitrogen balance in older patients. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 2015; 39(7): 759–760.
  34. Dickerson R.N., Maish G.O. III, Croce M.A., et al. Influence of aging on nitrogen accretion during critical illness. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 2015; 39(3): 282–290.
  35. Arends J., Bachmann P., Baracos V., et al. ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients. Clinical Nutrition. 2017; 36(1): 11–48.
  36. Morley J.E., Argiles J.M., Evans W.J., et al. Nutritional recommendations for the management of sarcopenia. J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc. 2010; 11(6): 391–396.
  37. Choban P.S., Dickerson R.N. Morbid obesity and nutrition support: is bigger different? Nutr. Clin. Pract. 2005; 20(4): 480–487.
  38. Dickerson R.N., Medling T.L., Smith A.C., et al. Hypocaloric, high-protein nutrition therapy in older vs younger critically ill patients with obesity. JPEN J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 2013; 37(3): 342–351.
  39. Rugeles S., Villarraga-Angulo L.G., Ariza-Gutierrez A., et al. High-protein hypocaloric vs normocaloric enteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a randomized clinical trial. J. Crit. Care. 2016; 35:110–114.
  40. Rugeles S.J., Rueda J.D., Diaz C.E., Rosselli D. Hyperproteic hypocaloric enteral nutrition in the critically ill patient: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2013; 17(6): 343–349.
  41. Arends J., Bodoky G., Bozzetti F., et al. ESPEN guidelines on enteral nutrition: non-surgical oncology. Clin. Nutr. 2006; 25(2): 245–259.
  42. Herndon D.N., Tompkins R.G. Support of the metabolic response to burn injury. Lancet. 2004; 363(9424): 1895–1902.
Лицензия Creative Commons

Это произведение доступно по лицензии Creative Commons «Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike» («Атрибуция — Некоммерческое использование — На тех же условиях») 4.0 Всемирная.

Copyright (c) 2018 ВЕСТНИК ИНТЕНСИВНОЙ ТЕРАПИИ имени А.И. САЛТАНОВА