Интраоперационная гипотензия
#2018-3
PDF_2018-3_87-96

Ключевые слова

артериальное давление
гипотензия
инсульт
делирий
инфаркт миокарда
острое почечное повреждение

Как цитировать

Леонова Е.А., Мороз Г.Б., Шмырев В.А., Ломиворотов В.В. Интраоперационная гипотензия. Вестник интенсивной терапии имени А.И. Салтанова. 2018;(3):87–96. doi:10.21320/1818-474X-2018-3-87-96.

Статистика

Просмотров аннотации: 27
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Статистика с 21.01.2023

Аннотация

Основной задачей анестезиолога является сохранение гомеостаза организма пациента во время хирургического вмешательства. Из всех физиологических параметров, пожалуй, лишь артериальное давление (АД) имеет столь значительную амплитуду колебаний, а связь послеоперационных осложнений с колебаниями АД зачастую неочевидна. АД является модифицируемым параметром и может быть скорректировано инфузионной терапией, а также применением вазопрессорных и инотропных средств.

Интраоперационное снижение АД может быть следствием действия анестетиков, гипотензивных препаратов, нефизиологичного позиционирования пациента на операционном столе, искусственной вентиляции легких (ИВЛ), хирургических манипуляций, искусственного кровообращения, гиповолемии, нарушения кислотно-основного состояния и электролитного баланса, острой сердечной недостаточности, аритмий, анафилаксии и других факторов.

Трудность в анализе влияния гипотензии на организм пациента создает отсутствие унифицированного определения данного состояния. В качестве границ гипотензии используется более 140 различных абсолютных и относительных величин. Однако сведения, накопленные за последние несколько лет, позволяют проследить тенденцию, что интраоперационное падение АД разной выраженности увеличивает риск развития осложнений со стороны нервной, сердечно-сосудистой, выделительной и других систем организма, что в конечном итоге приводит к увеличению морбидности и смертности пациентов после хирургических вмешательств. Частота и степень развития неблагоприятных эффектов напрямую зависит от степени и продолжительности падения артериального давления.

Каждый пациент имеет индивидуальный набор генетических, физиологических и патофизиологических особенностей, которые определяют уровень АД, оптимального для функционирования внутренних органов. Поэтому определенные перспективы имеются в отношении развития стратегии поддержания индивидуализированного АД, за основу которого взято «рабочее» давление пациента до операции.

https://doi.org/10.21320/1818-474X-2018-3-87-96
PDF_2018-3_87-96

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