Anesthesia and intensive care for patients with COVID-19. Russian Federation of anesthesiologists and reanimatologists guidelines
ISSN (print) 1726-9806     ISSN (online) 1818-474X
#1-supplement-2020
PDF_2020-S1 (Russian)
HTML_2020-S1 (Russian)
HTML_2020-S1-S (Russian)

Keywords

new coronavirus infection
COVID-19
monitoring
endotracheal intubation
respiratory support
anesthesia
intensive care
extracorporeal detoxication
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
management of co-existing diseases
thrombosis prevention
personal protective equipment
patient transportation

How to Cite

1.
Zabolotskikh I.B., Kirov M.Y., Lebedinskii K.M., Protsenko D.N., Avdeev S.N., Andreenko A.A., Arsentyev L.V., Afonchikov V.S., Afukov I.I., Belkin A.A., Boeva E.A., Bulanov A.Y., Vasiliev Y.I., Vlasenko A.V., Gorbachev V.I., Grigor’ev E.V., Grigor’ev S.V., Gritsan A.I., Eremenko A.A., Ershov E.N., Zamyatin M.N., Kuzovlev A.N., Kulikov A.V., Lakhin R.E., Leiderman I.N., Lenkin A.I., Mazurok V.A., Musaeva T.S., Nikolaenko E.M., Orlov Y.P., Petrikov S.S., Roitman E.V., Ronenson A.M., Smetkin A.A., Sokolov A.A., Stepanenko S.M., Subbotin V.V., Ushakova N.D., Khoronenko V.E., Tsarenko S.V., Shifman E.M., Shukevich D.L., Shchegolev A.V., Yaroshetskiy A.I., Yarustovsky M.B. Anesthesia and intensive care for patients with COVID-19. Russian Federation of anesthesiologists and reanimatologists guidelines. Annals of Critical Care. 2020;(1-S):9-120. doi:10.21320/1818-474X-2020-S1-9-120

Statistic

Abstract Views: 406
PDF_2020-S1 (Russian) Downloads: 82
HTML_2020-S1 (Russian) Downloads: 91
HTML_2020-S1-S (Russian) Downloads: 55
Statistic from 01.07.2024

Language

English Русский

Social Networks

Abstract

The article provides the main statements of the guidelines for the anesthesia and intensive care of patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), developed by the Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists of Russia. In the process of developing the recommendations, the publications of the official websites of the Russian Federation, the electronic databases of the RSCI, PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were analyzed by the developers independently of each other. The date of the last search query was June 29, 2020. To develop the Guidelines for the recommendations, were used documents that directly describing the features of the management of patients with coronavirus disease COVID-19 (guidelines and guidelines — 16; randomized clinical trials and Cochrane Reviews — 8; observational and comparative studies — 77; other documents, notes and comments — 54) and describing anesthetic and resuscitation support in the general population of patients. The provisions of the recommendations highlight the specifics of anesthesia, intensive care, resuscitation, manipulation, and prevention of the spread of COVID-19 in the implementation of these activities. Methods of protecting personnel from infection with COVID-19 during manipulations, anesthesia and intensive care are considered. The features of respiratory support, extracorporeal detoxification, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thromboprophylaxis are described. The features of the management of pregnant women, children of different age, patients with concomitant diseases, issues of transportation of patients are considered.
PDF_2020-S1 (Russian)
HTML_2020-S1 (Russian)
HTML_2020-S1-S (Russian)

References

  1. Han J., Gatheral T., Williams C. Procalcitonin for patient stratification and identification of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19. Clin Med (Lond). 2020; 20(3): e47. DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.Let.20.3.3
  2. Sethuraman N., Stanleyraj S., Ryo A. Interpreting Diagnostic Tests for SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.8259
  3. Denault A.Y., Delisle S., Canty D., Royse A., Royse C., et al. A proposed lung ultrasound and phenotypic algorithm for the care of COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory failure. Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth. 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-020-01704-6
  4. Китайский центр по контролю и профилактике заболеваний (CDC), 02.2020. [China Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 02/2020. (In Russ)]
  5. Lauer S.A., et al. The incubation period of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) from publicity reported confirmed cases: Estimation and application. Ann Intern Med. 2020; 172(9): 577–582. DOI: 10.7326/M20-0504
  6. Ferguson N. Impact of non-pharmacological intervention to reduce COVID-19 mortality and healthcare demand. Imperial College COVID-19 Response Team. 16 March 2020.
  7. Yang L., et al. Viral dynamics in mild and severe cases of COVID-19. The Lancet. 19 Mar 2020; DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30232-2
  8. Young B.E., Ong S.W., Kalimuddin S., et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA. 2020. DOI:10.1001/jama.2020.32044
  9. Guan W.J., Ni Z.Y., Hu Y., et al., for the China Medical Treatment Expert Group for Covid-19. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032
  10. Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for COVID-19 (Trial Version 6). Chin Med J. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000819
  11. Chen N., Zhou M., Dong X., et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020; 395:507–513.
  12. Huang C., Wang Y., Li X., et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
  13. Ai T., Yang Z., Hou H., et al. Correlation of Chest CT and RT-PCR Testing in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A Report of 1014 Cases. Radiology. 2020; 200642. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020200642
  14. Bernheim A., et al. Chest CT Findings in Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Relationship to Duration of Infection. Radiology. 2020. [in press].
  15. Wang D., Hu B., Hu C., et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585
  16. Gattinoni L., Chiumello D., Caironi P., et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatment for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-020-06033-2
  17. Lippi G., Lavie C.J., Sanchis-Gomar F. Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020, in press.
  18. Xu Z., Shi L., Wang Y., et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020: S2213-2600(20)30076-X. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X
  19. Inciardi R.M., Lupi L., Zaccone G., et al. Cardiac involvement 1 with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) infection. JAMA Cardiol. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.109667
  20. Hu H., Ma F., Wei X., Fang Y. Coronavirus fulminant myocarditis saved with glucocorticoid and human immunoglobulin. Eur Heart J. 2020: ehaa190. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa190
  21. Cheng Y., Luo R., Wang K., et al. Kidney disease is associated with in-hospital death of patients with COVID-19 Kidney Int. 2020; 97(5): 829–838. DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.03.005
  22. Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID‐19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases. Brit J Dermatol. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19163
  23. Guo T., Fan Y., Chen M., et al. Association of cardiovascular disease and myocardial injury with outcomes of patients hospitalized with 2019-coronavirus disease (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol. Published online March 27, 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1017
  24. Yang X., Yu Y., Xu J., et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5
  25. Временные методические рекомендации. Профилактика, диагностика илечение новой коронавирусной инфекции (COVID-19). Версия 7 (03.06.2020). [Temporary guidelines. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (COVID-19). Version 7 (03/06/2020). (In Russ)]
  26. Guidance “COVID-19: infection prevention and control (IPC)”. Last updated 12 April 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-and-control
  27. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthcare Settings. Updated March 10, 2020. Accessed March 22, 2020.
  28. Updated guidance on Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for clinicians. 11 April 2020. https://icmanaesthesiacovid-19.org/personal-protective-equipment-ppe-for-clinicians
  29. World Health Organization. Infection prevention and control during health care when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected: interim guidance. Published Jan 25, 2020; accessed Feb 17, 2020. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/330674
  30. The Use of Personal Protective Equipment by Anesthesia Professionals during the COVID-19 Pandemic Joint Position Statement. https://www.asahq.org/about-asa/newsroom/news-releases/2020/03/the-use-of-personal-protective-equipment-by-anesthesia-professionals-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
  31. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Treatment Guidelines. Available at: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov
  32. Public Health England. COVID-19 personal protective equipment (PPE). 2 Apr 2020. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/wuhan-novel-coronavirus-infection-prevention-and-control/covid-19-personal-protective-equipment-ppe
  33. Yao W., Wang T., Jiang B., et al. Emergency tracheal intubation in 202 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: lessons learnt and international expert recommendations. Br J Anaesth. 2020; Apr 10: pii: S0007-0912(20)30203-8. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.03.026
  34. Chang D., Xu H., Rebaza A., et al. Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; published online Feb 13. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30066-7
  35. Bartoszko J.J., Farooqi M.A., Alhazzani W., Loeb M. Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020; 14(4):365–373.
  36. Offeddu V., Yung C.F., Low M.S.F., Tam C.C. Effectiveness of Masks and Respirators Against Respiratory Infections in Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017; 65:1934.
  37. Cheng V.C., Wong S.C., Chen J.H.K., et al. Escalating infection control response to the rapidly evolving epidemiology of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 in Hong Kong. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2020; 41:493.
  38. Recommended Guidance for Extended Use and Limited Reuse of N95 Filtering Facepiece Respirators in Healthcare Settings. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/hcwcontrols/recommendedguidanceextuse.html
  39. Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators: Crisis/Alternate Strategies. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/respirators-strategy/crisis-alternate-strategies.html
  40. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance. March 13, 2020. WHO/2019-nCoV/clinical/2020.4. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/infection-prevention-and-control
  41. Cheung J.C., Ho L.T., Cheng J.V., et al. Staff safety during emergency airway management for COVID-19 in Hong Kong. Lancet respiratory Medicine. Published: February 24, 2020. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30084-9 (Accessed March 13, 2020.)
  42. Wax R.S., Chrisitan M.D. Practical recommendations for critical care and anesthesiology teams caring for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) patients. Canadian Journal of Anesthesia. 2020. DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01591-x (Accessed March 13, 2020.)
  43. Coronavirus — guidance for anaesthesia and perioperative care providers. https://www.wfsahq.org/resources/coronavirus
  44. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators: Crisis/Alternate Strategies. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/respirators-strategy/crisis-alternate-strategies.html. Updated March 17, 2020. Accessed March 19, 2020.
  45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Checklist for Healthcare Facilities: Strategies for Optimizing the Supply of N95 Respirators during the COVID-19 Response. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/checklist-n95-strategy.html. Updated March 5, 2020. Accessed March 19, 2020.
  46. Ti L.K., Ang L.S., Foong T.W., Ng B.S.W. What we do when a COVID-19 patient needs an operation: operating room preparation and guidance. Can J Anaesth. 2020; 67(6):756–758. DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01617-4
  47. Wong J., Goh Q.Y., Tan Z., et al. Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Can J Anesth. 2020; 67(6):732–745. DOI: 10.1007/s12630-020-01620-9
  48. Zucco L., Levy N., Ketchandji D., et al. Perioperative considerations for the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19); 12.02.2020. https://www.apsf.org/news-updates/perioperative-considerations-for-the-2019-novel-coronavirus-covid-19/
  49. Handbook of COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment Compiled According to Clinical Experience The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine.
  50. APSF/ASA Guidance on Purposing Anesthesia Machines as ICU Ventilators. 2020. https://www.asahq.org/-/media/files/spotlight/anesthesia-machines-as-icu-ventilators416.pdf?la=en&hash=21BD7C35FAA31F2F8E06B9A547DCD6A193B37352
  51. Adhikari S.P., Meng S., Wu Y.J., et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty. 2020; 9(1): 29. DOI: 10.1186/s40249-020-00646-x
  52. Hall D., Steel A., Heij R., et al. Videolaryngoscopy increases ‘mouth-to-mouthʼ distance compared with direct laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia. Mar 27, 2020. DOI: 10.1111/anae.15047
  53. Meng L., Qiu H., Wan L., et al. Intubation and Ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak: Wuhanʼs Experience. Anesthesiology. Mar 26, 2020. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003296
  54. Rice T.W., Wheeler A.P., Bernard G.R., et al. Comparison of the SpO2/FIO2 ratio and the PaO2/FIO2 ratio in patients with acute lung injury or ARDS. Chest. 2007; 132(2): 410–417.
  55. Cecconi M., De Backer D., Antonelli M., et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014; 40(12):1795–815. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-014-3525-z
  56. Bednarczyk J.M., Fridfinnson J.A., Kumar A., et al. Incorporating dynamic assessment of fluid responsiveness into goal-directed therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2017; 45(9):1538–1545. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002554
  57. Bentzer P., Griesdale D.E., Boyd J., et al. Will this hemodynamically unstable patient respond to a bolus of intravenous fluids? JAMA. 2016; 316(12):1298–1309. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.12310
  58. Pan J., Peng M., Liao C., et al. Relative efficacy and safety of early lactate clearance-guided therapy resuscitation in patients with sepsis: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019; 98(8): e14453. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014453
  59. Zuo M.Z., Huang Y.G., Ma W.H., et al.; Chinese Society of Anesthesiology Task Force on Airway Management: Expert recommendations for tracheal intubation in critically ill patients with noval coronavirus disease 2019. Chin Med Sci J. 2020. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.24920/003724
  60. Brewster D.J., Chrimes N.C., Do T.B.T., et al. Consensus statement: Safe Airway Society principles of airway management and tracheal intubation specific to the COVID-19 adult patient group. Med J Aust 2020; https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2020/consensus-statement-safe-airway-society-principles-airway-management-and-tracheal [Preprint, 1 April 2020].
  61. COVID-19 airway management principles https://icmanaesthesiacovid-19.org/covid-19-airway-management-principles
  62. Luo M., Cao S., Wei L., et al. Precautions for Intubating Patients with COVID-19. Anesthesiology. Mar 25, 2020. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003288
  63. Higgs A., McGrath B.A., Goddard C., et al. Guidelines for the management of tracheal intubation in critically ill adults. Br J Anaesth. 2018; 120: 323–352.
  64. Tran K., Cimon K., Severn M., et al. (2012) Aerosol Generating Procedures and Risk of Transmission of Acute Respiratory Infections to Healthcare Workers: A Systematic Review. PLoS ONE 7(4): e35797. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035797
  65. Li Y., Huang X., Yu I.T., et al. Role of air distribution in SARS transmission during the largest nosocomial outbreak in Hong Kong. Indoor Air. 2005; 15: 83–95.
  66. Cook T.M., Harrop-Griffiths W.G. Capnography prevents avoidable deaths. BMJ. 2019; 364: 1439. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l439
  67. Guay J., Choi P., Suresh S., et al. Neuraxial blockade for the prevention of postoperative mortality and major morbidity: an overview of Cochrane systematic reviews. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 1. Art. No.: CD010108. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010108.pub2
  68. Kristensen M.S., Sloth E., Jensen T.K. Relationship between anesthetic procedure and contact of anesthesia personnel with patient body fluids. Anesthesiology. 1990; 73: 619e24.
  69. D’Silva D.F., McCulloch T.J., Lim J.S., Smith S.S., Carayannis D. Extubation of patients with COVID-19. Br J Anaesth. 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.03.016. S0007-0912(20)30172-0 [online ahead of print]
  70. Resuscitation Council. Resuscitation Council UK Statement on COVID-19 in relation to CPR and resuscitation in healthcare settings. March 2020. https://www.resus.org.uk/media/statements/resuscitation-council-uk-statements-on-covid-19-coronavirus-cpr-and-resuscitation/covid-healthcare (Accessed 13 March 2020.)
  71. Interim guidance to reduce COVID-19 transmission during resuscitation care [press release]. Dallas, Texas: American Heart Association. https://newsroom.heart.org/news/interim-guidance-to-reduce-covid-19-transmission-during-resuscitation-care. Published March 19, 2020. Accessed March 24, 2020.
  72. COVID-19: Protected Controlled Intubation & Cardiac Arrest. https://www.bcemergencynetwork.ca/clinical_resource/covid-19-patients-protected-controlled-intubation-cardiac-arrest/?fbclid=IwAR0bI711iDmk5kPl0qX-aPDxGWEPJRtbdM-5G5o0O5eENlwxvb0o9pPLenUhttps://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-for-ems.html
  73. COVID-19 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest. https://costr.ilcor.org/document/covid-19-infection-risk-to-rescuers-from-patients-in-cardiac-arrest (accessed April 19th 2020)
  74. Couper K., Taylor-Phillips S., Grove A., et al. COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: a systematic review. Resuscitation. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.04.022
  75. Perkins G.D., et al. International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation: COVID-19 Consensus on Science, Treatment Recommendations and Task Force Insights. Resuscitation. 2020. [in press]
  76. Peng P.W., Ho P.L., Hota S.S. Outbreak of a new coronavirus: what anaesthetists should know. Br J Anaesth. 2020 Feb 27. pii: S0007-0912(20)30098-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2020.02.008
  77. Italian Group for the Evaluation of Interventions in Intensive Care Medicine http://giviti.marionegri.it/covid-19-en/; Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Clinician Pocket Reference Guide v1.3.
  78. Kangelaris K.N., Ware L.B., Wang C.Y., et al. Timing of intubation and clinical outcomes in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2016; 44(1): 120–129.
  79. Antonelli M., Conti G., Esquinas A., et al. A multiple-center survey on the use in clinical practice of noninvasive ventilation as a first-line intervention for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2007; 35(1):18–25.
  80. Alraddadi B.M., et al. Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill patients with the Middle East respiratory syndrome. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2019; 13:382–390.
  81. Wu Z., McGoogan J.M. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648
  82. Barrot L., Asfar P., Mauny F., et al. Liberal or Conservative Oxygen Therapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(11): 999.
  83. Gajic O., Dara S.I., Mendez J.L., et al. Ventilator-associated lung injury in patients without acute lung injury at the onset of mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 2004; 32(9): 1817–1824.
  84. Raboud J., Shigayeva A., McGeer A., et al. Risk factors for SARS transmission from patients requiring intubation: a multicentre investigation in Toronto, Canada. PLoS One. 2020; 5: e10717.
  85. Leonard S., Atwood C.W. Jr, Walsh B.K., et al. Preliminary findings of сontrol of dispersion of aerosols and droplets during high velocity nasal insufflation therapy using a simple surgical mask: implications for high flow nasal cannula. Chest. 2020. URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.043
  86. Sartini C., et al. Respiratory Parameters in Patients With COVID-19 After Using Noninvasive Ventilation in the Prone Position Outside the Intensive Care Unit. JAMA. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.7861
  87. Frat J.-P., Thille A.W., Mercat A., et al. High-Flow Oxygen through Nasal Cannula in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(23): 2185–2196.
  88. Hui D.S., et al. Exhaled Air Dispersion During Noninvasive Ventilation via Helmets and a Total Facemask. Chest. 2015; 147(5):1336–1343.
  89. Sun Q., Qiu H., Huang M., Yang Y. Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu Province. Ann Intensive Care. 2020; 10(1): 33. DOI: 10.1186/s13613-020-00650-2
  90. Caputo N.D., Strayer R.J., Levitan R. Early self-proning in awake, non-intubated patients in emergency department: a single ED’s experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acad Emerg Med. 2020; Accepted Author Manuscript. DOI: 10.1111/acem.13994
  91. Elharrar X., et al. Use of Prone Positioning in Nonintubated Patients With COVID-19 and Hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure. JAMA. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.8255
  92. Telias I., Katira B.H., Brochard L. Is the Prone Position Helpful During Spontaneous Breathing in Patients With COVID-19? JAMA. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.8539
  93. Combes A., Hajage D., Capellier G., et al. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(21):1965–1975.
  94. Tobin M.J., Gardner W.N. Monitoring of the control of ventilation. In: Tobin, M.J. (ed). Principles and Practice of Intensive Care Monitoring. McGraw-Hill, Inc. New York. 1998. P. 415–464.
  95. Laghi F., Tobin M.J. Indications for mechanical ventilation. In: Tobin, M.J. (ed). Principles and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Inc. N Y. 2012. P. 129–162.
  96. Tobin M.J. Why physiology is critical to the practice of medicine: a 40-year personal perspective. Clin Chest Med. 2019; 40(2):243–257.
  97. Protti A., Andreis D.T., Iapichino G.E., et al. Ventilation with Lower Tidal Volumes as Compared with Traditional Tidal Volumes for Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. BioMed Central. 2000; 342(18): 1301–1308.
  98. Serpa Neto A., Cardoso S.O., Manetta J.A., et al. Association Between Use of Lung-Protective Ventilation With Lower Tidal Volumes and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients Without Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. JAMA. 2012; 308(16):1651.
  99. Beitler J.R., Sarge T., Banner-Goodspeed V., et al. Effect of Titrating Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) with an Esophageal Pressure-Guided Strategy vs an Empirical High PEEP 2 Strategy on Death and Days Free from Mechanical Ventilation among Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019: 846–857.
  100. ЯрошецкийА.И., Проценко Д.Н., Бойцов П.В. и др. Оптимальное положительное конечно-экспираторное давление при ОРДС у больных гриппом а(H1N1)pdm09: баланс между максимумом конечно-экспираторного объема и минимумом перераздувания альвеол. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2016; 61(6): 425–432.
  101. [Optimum level of positive end-expiratory pressure in acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by influenza A(H1NI)PDM09: balance between maximal end-expiratory volume and minimal alveolar overdistension Anesteziol Reanimatol. 2016; 61(6): 425–432. (In Russ)]
  102. Pan C., Chen L., Lu C., et al. Lung Recruitability in SARS-CoV-2 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Single-center Observational Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202003-0527LE
  103. Ziehr D., et al. Respiratory Pathophysiology of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19: A Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202004-1163LE
  104. Bos L.D.J., et al. Subphenotyping ARDS in COVID-19 Patients: Consequences for Ventilator Management. Annals ATS. 2020. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202004-376RL
  105. Guérin C., Reigner J., Richard J.-C., et al., for the PROCEVA Study Group. Prone Positioning in Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013; 368(23):2159–2168. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1214103
  106. Sud S., Friedrich J.O., Taccone P., et al. Prone ventilation reduces mortality in patients with acute respiratory failure and severe hypoxemia: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2010: 585–599.
  107. Cavalcanti A.B., Suzumura É.A., Laranjeira L.N., et al. Effect of Lung Recruitment and Titrated Positive End-Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) vs Low PEEP on Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. JAMA. 2017; 318(14): 1335.
  108. Zhou F., Yu T., Du R., et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020; 395:1054–1062. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
  109. Rodriguez-Morales A.J., Cardona-Ospina J., Gutiérrez-Ocampo E., et al. Clinical, laboratory and imaging features of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Travel Med Infect Dis. 2020 Mar 13: 101623. DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623
  110. Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO). Guidelines for all ECLS Cases August, 2017.
  111. Meyhoff T.S., Møller M.H., Hjortrup P.B., et al. Lower vs Higher Fluid Volumes During Initial Management of Sepsis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Chest. 2020 Jan 23. pii: S0012-3692(20)30123-9. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.050
  112. Silversides J.A., Major E., Ferguson A.J., et al. Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2017; 43(2): 155–170. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-016-4573-3
  113. Maitland K., Kiguli S., Opoka R.O., et al. Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection. N Engl J Med. 2011; 364(26): 2483–2495. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1101549
  114. Antequera Martín A.M., Barea Mendoza J.A., Muriel A., et al. Buffered solutions versus 0.9 % saline for resuscitation in critically ill adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 7: CD012247. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012247.pub2
  115. Lewis S.R., Pritchard M.W., Evans D.J., et al. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 8: CD000567. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000567.pub7
  116. Colon Hidalgo D., Patel J., Masic D., et al. Delayed vasopressor initiation is associated with increased mortality in patients with septic shock. J Crit Care. 2020; 55: 145–148. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2019.11.004
  117. Lamontagne F., Day A.G., Meade M.O., et al. Pooled analysis of higher versus lower blood pressure targets for vasopressor therapy septic and vasodilatory shock. Intensive Care Med. 2018; 44(1): 12–21. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-5016-5
  118. Gamper G., Havel C., Arrich J., et al. Vasopressors for hypotensive shock. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 2: CD003709. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003709.pub4
  119. Møller M.H., Granholm A., Junttila E., et al. Scandinavian SSAI clinical practice guideline on choice of inotropic agent for patients with acute circulatory failure. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2018; 62(4): 420–450. DOI: 10.1111/aas.13089
  120. Rygård S.L., Butler E., Granholm A., et al. Low-dose corticosteroids for adult patients with septic shock: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2018; 44(7): 1003–1016. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5197-6
  121. Wang Y., Jiang W., He Q., et al. Early, low-dose and short-term application of corticosteroid treatment in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: single-center experience from Wuhan, China. MedRxiv. 2020. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.06.20032342
  122. Siemieniuk R.A., Meade M.O., Alonso-Coello P., et al. Corticosteroid Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2015; 163: 519–528.
  123. Lansbury L., Rodrigo C., Leonardi-Bee J., et al. Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 3:CD010406. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26950335
  124. Lewis S.R., Pritchard M.W., Thomas C.M., Smith A.F. Pharmacological agents for adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 7: CD004477.
  125. Villar J., Ferrando C., Martinez D., et al. Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8: 267–276.
  126. Ranieri V.M., Pettila V., Karvonen M.K., et al. Effect of Intravenous Interferon beta-1a on Death and Days Free From Mechanical Ventilation Among Patients With Moderate to Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.22525
  127. Wu C., Chen X., Cai Y., et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994
  128. Rochwerg B., Oczkowski S.J., Siemieniuk R.A., et al. Corticosteroids in Sepsis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2018; 46: 1411–1420.
  129. Lian X.J., Huang D.Z., Cao Y.S., et al. Reevaluating the Role of Corticosteroids in Septic Shock: An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biomed Res Int. 2019: 3175047.
  130. Arabi Y.M., Mandourah Y., Al-Hameed F., et al. Corticosteroid Therapy for Critically Ill Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018; 197: 757–767. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29161116
  131. Hui D.S. Systemic Corticosteroid Therapy May Delay Viral Clearance in Patients with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018; 197: 700–701.
  132. Lee N., Allen Chan K.C., Hui D.S., et al. Effects of early corticosteroid treatment on plasma SARS-associated Coronavirus RNA concentrations in adult patients. J Clin Virol. 2004; 31: 304–309.
  133. Kaiser U.B., Mirmira R.G., Stewart P.M. Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020; 105(5): pii: dgaa148. DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa148
  134. Stockman L.J., Bellamy R., Garner P. SARS: systematic review of treatment effects. PLoS Med. 2006; 3(9):e343. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16968120
  135. Siddiqi H.K., Mehra M.R. COVID-19 Illness in Native and Immunosuppressed States: A Clinical-Therapeutic Staging Proposal. J Heart Lung Transplant . 2020. [In Press]. URL: https://www.jhltonline.org/article/S1053-2498(20)31473-X/fulltext
  136. Fang L., Karakiulakis G., Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir Med. 2020; 8(4):e21. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32171062
  137. Patel A.B., Verma A. COVID-19 and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: what is the evidence? JAMA. 2020. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32208485
  138. American College of Cardiology. HFSA/ACC/AHA statement addresses concerns Re: using RAAS antagonists in COVID-19. 2020. URL: https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2020/03/17/08/59/hfsa-acc-aha-statement-addresses-concerns-re-using-raas-antagonists-in-covid-19
  139. Fedson D.S., Opal S.M., Rordam O.M. Hiding in plain sight: an approach to treating patients with severe COVID-19 infection. mBio. 2020; 11(2). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32198163
  140. Uyeki T.M., Bernstein H.H., Bradley J.S., et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenzaa. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2019; 68: 895–902.
  141. Arabi Y.M., Al-Omari A., Mandourah Y., et al. Critically Ill Patients With the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study. Crit Care Med. 2017; 45: 1683–1695.
  142. Rice T.W., Rubinson L., Uyeki T.M., et al. Critical illness from 2009 pandemic influenza A virus and bacterial coinfection in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2012; 40: 1487–1498.
  143. Shieh W.J., Blau D.M., Denison A.M., et al. 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1): pathology and pathogenesis of 100 fatal cases in the United States. Am J Pathol. 2010; 177: 166–175.
  144. McCullers J.A. Do specific virus-bacteria pairings drive clinical outcomes of pneumonia? Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013; 19: 113–118.
  145. Schulman C.I., Namias N., Doherty J., et al. The effect of antipyretic therapy upon outcomes in critically ill patients: a randomized, prospective study. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2005; 6: 369–375.
  146. Young P., Saxena M., Bellomo R., et al. Acetaminophen for Fever in Critically Ill Patients with Suspected Infection. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373: 2215–2224.
  147. Haupt M.T., Jastremski M.S., Clemmer T.P., et al. Effect of ibuprofen in patients with severe sepsis: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. The Ibuprofen Study Group. Crit Care Med. 1991; 19: 1339–1347.
  148. Bernard G.R., Wheeler A.P., Russell J.A., et al. The effects of ibuprofen on the physiology and survival of patients with sepsis. The Ibuprofen in Sepsis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1997; 336: 912–918.
  149. Gozzoli V., Schottker P., Suter P.M., Ricou B. Is it worth treating fever in intensive care unit patients? Preliminary results from a randomized trial of the effect of external cooling. Arch Intern Med. 2001; 161: 121–123.
  150. Memis D., Karamanlioglu B., Turan A., et al. Effects of lornoxicam on the physiology of severe sepsis. Crit Care. 2004; 8: R474–482.
  151. Honarmand H., Abdollahi M., Ahmadi A., et al. Randomized trial of the effect of intravenous paracetamol on inflammatory biomarkers and outcome in febrile critically ill adults. Daru. 2012; 20: 12.
  152. Schortgen F., Clabault K., Katsahian S., et al. Fever control using external cooling in septic shock: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012; 185: 1088–1095.
  153. Niven D.J., Stelfox H.T., Leger C., et al. Assessment of the safety and feasibility of administering antipyretic therapy in critically ill adults: a pilot randomized clinical trial. J Crit Care. 2013; 28: 296–302.
  154. Yang Y.L., Liu D.W., Wang X.T., et al. Body temperature control in patients with refractory septic shock: too much may be harmful. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013; 126: 1809–1813.
  155. Janz D.R., Bastarache J.A., Rice T.W., et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of acetaminophen for the reduction of oxidative injury in severe sepsis: the Acetaminophen for the Reduction of Oxidative Injury in Severe Sepsis trial. Crit Care Med. 2015; 43: 534–541.
  156. Schortgen F., Charles-Nelson A., Bouadma L., et al. Respective impact of lowering body temperature and heart rate on mortality in septic shock: mediation analysis of a randomized trial. Intensive Care Med. 2015; 41: 1800–1808.
  157. Bancos S., Bernard M.P., Topham D.J., Phipps R.P. Ibuprofen and other widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit antibody production in human cells. Cell Immunol. 2009; 258(1):18–28. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19345936
  158. Food and Drug Administration. FDA advises patients on use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for COVID-19. 2020. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-advises-patients-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-nsaids-covid-19. Accessed April 8, 2020
  159. Wu J., Liu J., Zhao X., et al. Clinical Characteristics of Imported Cases of COVID-19 in Jiangsu Province: A Multicenter Descriptive Study. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2020. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa199
  160. Stiehm E.R. Adverse effects of human immunoglobulin therapy. Transfus Med Rev. 2013; 27: 171–178.
  161. Davey R.T. , Fernández-Cruz E., Markowitz N., et al. Anti-influenza hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin for adults with influenza A or B infection (FLU-IVIG): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2019; 7: 951–963.
  162. Beigel J.H., Nam H.H., Adams P.L., et al. Advances in respiratory virus therapeutics — A meeting report from the 6th isirv Antiviral Group conference. Antiviral research. 2019; 167: 45–67.
  163. Arabi Y.M., Fowler R., Hayden F.G. Critical care management of adults with community acquired severe respiratory viral infection. Intensive Care Med. 2020; 46: 315–328.
  164. Aouba A., Baldolli A., Geffray L., et al. Targeting the inflammatory cascade with anakinra in moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia: case series. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32376597
  165. Fisher C.J., Jr., Dhainaut J.F., Opal S.M., et al. Recombinant human interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of patients with sepsis syndrome. Results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phase III rhIL-1ra Sepsis Syndrome Study Group. JAMA. 1994; 271(23):1836–1843. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8196140
  166. Fisher C.J., Jr., Slotman G.J., Opal S.M., et al. Initial evaluation of human recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the treatment of sepsis syndrome: a randomized, open-label, placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Crit Care Med. 1994; 22(1):12–21. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8124953
  167. Opal S.M., Fisher C.J., Jr., Dhainaut J.F., et al. Confirmatory interleukin-1 receptor antagonist trial in severe sepsis: a phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. The Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Sepsis Investigator Group. Crit Care Med. 1997; 25(7):1115–1124. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9233735
  168. Winthrop K.L., Mariette X., Silva J.T., et al. ESCMID Study Group for Infections in Compromised Hosts (ESGICH) Consensus Document on the safety of targeted and biological therapies: an infectious diseases perspective (Soluble immune effector molecules [II]: agents targeting interleukins, immunoglobulins and complement factors). Clin Microbiol Infect. 2018; 24(Suppl 2):S21–S40. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29447987
  169. Flint J., Panchal S., Hurrell A., et al. BSR and BHPR guideline on prescribing drugs in pregnancy and breastfeeding-Part II: analgesics and other drugs used in rheumatology practice. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016; 55(9):1698–1702. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26750125
  170. Genovese M.C., Kremer J., Zamani O., et al. Baricitinib in Patients with Refractory Rheumatoid Arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2016; 374(13):1243–1252. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27028914
  171. Smolen J.S., Genovese M.C., Takeuchi T., et al. Safety profile of baricitinib in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with over 2 years median time in treatment. J Rheumatol. 2019; 46(1):7–18. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30219772
  172. Dougados M., van der Heijde D., Chen Y.C., et al. Baricitinib in patients with inadequate response or intolerance to conventional synthetic DMARDs: results from the RA-BUILD study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017; 76(1):88–95. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27689735
  173. Ahn J.Y., Sohn Y., Lee S.H., et al. Use of convalescent plasma therapy in two COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2020; 35(14):e149. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281317
  174. Pei S., Yuan X., Zhang Z., et al. Convalescent plasma to treat COVID-19: Chinese strategy and experiences. medRxiv. 2020. [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.07.20056440v1
  175. Ye M., Fu D., Ren Y., et al. Treatment with convalescent plasma for COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32293713
  176. Zeng Q., Yu Z., Gou J., et al. Effect of convalescent plasma therapy on viral shedding and survival in COVID-19 patients. J Infect Dis. 2020. Available at: https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiaa228/5826985
  177. Duan K., Liu B., Li C., et al. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32253318
  178. Burnouf T., Radosevich M. Treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome with convalescent plasma. Hong Kong Med J. 2003; 9(4):309. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12904626
  179. Cheng Y., Wong R., Soo Y.O., et al. Use of convalescent plasma therapy in SARS patients in Hong Kong. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2005; 24(1):44–46. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15616839
  180. Mair-Jenkins J., Saavedra-Campos M., Baillie J.K., et al. The effectiveness of convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe acute respiratory infections of viral etiology: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2015; 211(1):80–90. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25030060
  181. Narick C., Triulzi D.J., Yazer M.H. Transfusion-associated circulatory overload after plasma transfusion. Transfusion. 2012; 52(1):160–165. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21762464
  182. Falzarano D., de Wit E., Martellaro C., et al. Inhibition of novel beta coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin. Scientific reports. 2013; 3: 1686.
  183. Falzarano D., de Wit E., Rasmussen A.L., et al. Treatment with interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques. Nature medicine. 2013; 19: 1313–1317.
  184. Momattin H., Mohammed K., Zumla A., et al. Therapeutic options for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)-possible lessons from a systematic review of SARS-CoV therapy. International journal of infectious diseases: IJID: official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2013; 17: e792–798.
  185. Hart B.J., Dyall J., Postnikova E., et al. Interferon-beta and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays. The Journal of general virology. 2014; 95: 571–577.
  186. Arabi Y.M., Shalhoub S., Mandourah Y., et al. Ribavirin and Interferon Therapy for Critically Ill Patients With Middle East Respiratory Syndrome: A Multicenter Observational Study. Clinical infectious diseases. 2019. DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz544
  187. Brunner H.I., Ruperto N., Zuber Z., et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with polyarticular-course juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from a phase 3, randomised, double-blind withdrawal trial. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2015; 74: 1110–1117.
  188. Genovese M.C., van Adelsberg J., Fan C., et al. Two years of sarilumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to MTX: safety, efficacy and radiographic outcomes. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018; 57: 1423–1431.
  189. Yokota S., Imagawa T., Mori M., et al. Efficacy and safety of tocilizumab in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled, withdrawal phase III trial. Lancet. 2008; 371: 998–1006.
  190. Le R.Q., Li L., Yuan W., et al. FDA approval summary: tocilizumab for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell- induced severe or life-threatening cytokine release syndrome. The oncologist. 2018; 23: 943.
  191. Campbell L., Chen C., Bhagat S.S., et al. Risk of adverse events including serious infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2011; 50: 552–562.
  192. Chen X., Zhao B., Qu Y., et al. Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely associated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients. MedRxiv. 2020. DOI: 10.1101/2020.02.29.20029520
  193. Geng Z., Yu Y., Hu S., Dong L., Ye C. Tocilizumab and the risk of respiratory adverse events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 2019; 37: 318–323.
  194. Wang M., Cao R., Zhang L., et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro. Cell Res. 2020; 30(3):269–271. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32020029
  195. Sanders M. Pharmacological treatments for coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) A Rewiew. JAMA. 2020: E1–E13.
  196. Haffizulla J., Hartman A., Hoppers M., et al. Effect of nitazoxanide in adults and adolescents with acute uncomplicated influenza: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2b/3 trial. The Lancet Infectious diseases. 2014; 14: 609–618.
  197. Chen H., Zhang Y., Huang J., et al. Favipiravir versus Arbidol for COVID 19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.17.20037432
  198. Furuta Y., Komeno T., Nakamura T. Favipiravir (T 705), a broad spectrum inhibitor of viral RNA polymerase. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2017; 93(7):449–463. DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.027
  199. Cai Q., Yang M., Liu D., et al. Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for COVID 19: An Open-Label Control Study, Engineering. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.03.007
  200. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/immune-based-therapy/interleukin-6-inhibitors/
  201. Zhang C., Wu Z., Li J.W., et al. The cytokine release syndrome (CRS) of severe COVID-19 and Interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce the mortality. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 3223446790.
  202. Beigel J.H., Tomashek K.M., Dodd L.E., et al. Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19—Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med. . 2020 May 22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007764
  203. Goldman J.D., Lye D.C.B., Hui D.S., et al. Investigators Remdesivir for 5 or 10 Days in Patients with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020 May 27. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2015301
  204. Grein J., Ohmagari N., Shin D., et al. Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(24):2327–2336. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007016
  205. Sheahan T.P., Sims A.C., Graham R.L., et al. Broad-spectrum antiviral GS-5734 inhibits both epidemic and zoonotic coronaviruses. Sci Transl Med. 2017; 9(396). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28659436
  206. Sheahan T.P., Sims A.C., Leist S.R., et al. Comparative therapeutic efficacy of remdesivir and combination lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferon beta against MERS-CoV. Nat Commun. 2020; 11(1):222. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31924756
  207. de Wit E., Feldmann F., Cronin J., et al. Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020; 117(12):6771–6776. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922083117
  208. Williamson B.N., Feldmann F., Schwarz B., et al. Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. 2020 [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.15.043166v2.full.pdf
  209. Food and Drug Administration. Fact sheet for health care providers emergency use authorization (EUA) of remdesivir (GS-5734™). 2020. Available at: https://www.fda.gov/media/137566/download. Accessed: May 8, 2020
  210. Wang Y., Zhang D., Du G., et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. The Lancet. 2020. Available at: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)31022-9/fulltext#seccestitle10
  211. Mulangu S., Dodd L.E., Davey R.T., Jr., et al. A Randomized, controlled trial of ebola virus disease therapeutics. N Engl J Med. 2019; 381(24):2293–2303. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31774950
  212. Rhodes A., Evans L.E., Alhazzani W., et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017; 43: 304–377.
  213. Murray M.J., DeBlock H., Erstad B., et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sustained Neuromuscular Blockade in the Adult Critically Ill Patient. Crit Care Med. 2016; 44: 2079–2103.
  214. Griffiths M., Fan E., Baudouin S.V. New UK guidelines for the management of adult patients with ARDS. Thorax. 2019; 74: 931–933.
  215. Claesson J., Freundlich M., Gunnarsson I., et al. Scandinavian clinical practice guideline on fluid and drug therapy in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016; 60: 697–709.
  216. Papazian L., Aubron C., Brochard L., et al. Formal guidelines: management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Intensive Care. 2019; 9: 69.
  217. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PETAL Clinical Trials Network. Early Neuromuscular Blockade in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380: 1997–2008.
  218. Martindale R., Patel J.J., Taylor B., et al. Nutrition Therapy in the Patient with COVID-19 Disease Requiring ICU Care. Updated April 1, 2020. Reviewed and Approved by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.
  219. Singer P., Reintam A., Berger M., et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit. Clinical Nutrition. 2019; 38: 48–79.
  220. Руководство попрофилактике и лечению новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19. Первая академическая клиника Университетской школы медицины провинции Чжэцзян. Составлено на основе клинической практики. Перевод на русский язык выполнен МИА «Россия сегодня» с согласия авторов руководства. Научными консультантами выступили специалисты Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета имени И.М. Сеченова. 96 с. [Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of new coronavirus infection COVID-19. The first academic clinic of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Compiled on the basis of clinical practice. The translation into Russian was made by MIA Russia Today with the consent of the authors of the manual. Scientific consultants were specialists of the First Moscow State Medical University named after I.M. Sechenov. 96 p. (In Russ)]
  221. Allingstrup M.J., et al. Provision of protein and energy in relation to measured requirements in intensive care patients. Clin Nutr. 2012; 31: 462–468.
  222. Weijs P.J., Stapel S.N., de Groot S.D., et al. Optimal protein and energy nutrition decreases mortality in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a prospective observational cohort study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012; 36(1): 60–68.
  223. Reeves A., White H., Sosnowski K., et al. Energy and protein intakes of hospitalized patients with acute respiratory failure receiving non-invasive ventilation. Clin Nutr/ 2014; 33: 1068–1073.
  224. Kogo M., Nagata K., Morimoto T., et al. Enteral nutrition is a risk factor for airway complications in subjects undergoing noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure. Respir Care. 2017; 62: 459–467.
  225. Ledr S.B., Siner J.M., Bizzaro M.J., et al. Oral alimentation in neonatal and adult populations requiring high-flow oxygen via nasal canula. Dysphagia/ 2016; 31: 154–159.
  226. Boulton-Jones J.R., Lewis J., Jobling J.C., Teahon K. Experience of post-pyloric feeding in seriously ill patients in clinical practice. Clin Nutr. 2004; 23: 35–41.
  227. Montejo J.C., Grau T., Acosta J., et al. Multicenter, prospective, randomized, single-blind study comparing the efficacy and gastrointestinal complications of early jejunal feeding with early gastric feeding in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2002; 30: 796–800.
  228. Barazzoni R., Bischoff S., Breda J., et al. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection, Clinical Nutrition. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.03.022
  229. Reignier J., Dimet J., Martin-Lefevre L., et al. Before-after study of a standardized ICU protocol for early enteral feeding in patients turned in the prone position. Clin Nutr. 2010; 29(2): 210–216. DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2009.08.004
  230. Saez de la Fuente I., Saez de la Fuente J., Quintana Estelles M.D., et al. Enteral Nutrition in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation in a Prone Position. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016; 40(2): 250–255. DOI: 10.1177/0148607114553232
  231. Doig G.S., Simpson F., Sweetman E.A., et al. Early parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients with short-term relative contraindications to early enteral nutrition: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013; 309: 2130–2138.
  232. Oshima Т., Heidegger С.Р. Supplemental Parenteral Nutrition Is the Key to Prevent Energy Deficits in Critically Ill Patients Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 2016; 31: 432–437.
  233. McClave S.A., Taylor B.E., Martindale R.G., et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine; American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. Guidelines for the provision and assessment of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016; 40(2): 159–211.
  234. Gupta A., Govil D.; Bhatnagar S., et al. Efficacy and safety of parenteral omega 3 fatty acids in ventilated patients with acute lung injury. Indian J. Crit. Care Med. 2011, 15, 108.
  235. Ridley E.J., Davies A.R., Robins E.J., et al. Nutrition therapy in adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Critical Care and Resuscitation. 2015; 17(3): 183–189.
  236. Bear D.E., Smith E., Barrett N.A. Nutrition support in adult patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Nutr Clin Pract. 2018; 33(6): 738–746.
  237. Ohbe H., Jo T., Yamana H., et al. Early enteral nutrition for cardiogenic or obstructive shock requiring venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a nationwide inpatient database study. Intensive Care Medicine. 2018; 44(8): 1258–1265.
  238. Hermanides J., Vriesendorp T.M., Bosman R.J., et al. Glucose variability is associated with intensive care unit mortality. Crit Care Med. 2010; 38: 1430–1434.
  239. Egi M., Krinsley J.S., Maurer P., et al. Premorbid glycemic control modifies the interaction between acute hypoglycaemia and mortality. Intensive Care Med. 2016; 42: 562–571.
  240. Preiser J.C., Devos P., Ruiz-Santana S., et al. A prospective randomised multi-centre controlled trial on tight glucose control by intensive insulin therapy in adult intensive care units: the Glucontrol study. Intensive Care Med. 2009; 35: 1738–1748.
  241. Finfer S., Chittock D.R., Su S.Y., et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 1283e97.
  242. Krinsley J.S., Preiser J.C. Time in blood glucose range 70 to 140 mg/dl > 80 % is strongly associated with increased survival in non-diabetic critically ill adults. Crit Care. 2015; 19: 179.
  243. Bartlett R.H., Ogino M.T., Brodie D., et al. Initial ELSO Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure. ASAIO J. 2020 Mar 30. DOI: 10.1097/MAT.0000000000001173
  244. ELSO COVID-19 Interim Guidelines (2020). https://www.elso.org/Portals/0/Files/pdf/guidelines%20elso%20covid%20for%20web_Final.pdf
  245. Guidance Document: ECMO for COVID-19 Patients with Severe Cardiopulmonary Failure. 23 March 2020. http://covid19.elso.org
  246. Brodie D., Slutsky A.S., Combes A. Extracorporeal Life Support for Adults With Respiratory Failure and Related Indications: A Review. JAMA. 2019; 322(6): 557–568.
  247. Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO). Guidelince for Adult Respiratory Failure. 2017. https://www.elso.org/Resources/Guidelines.aspx
  248. Combes A., Hajage D., Capellier G., et al. EOLIA Trial Group, REVA, and ECMONet. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018; 378(21): 1965–1975.
  249. Li M., Gu S.-C., Wu X.-J., et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in 2019 novel coronavirus disease: indications, timing, and implementation. Chinese Medical Journal. February 2020. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000778
  250. Combes A., Brodie D., Bartlett R., et al. Position paper for the organization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for acute respiratory failure in adult patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014; 190(5): 488–496.
  251. Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO). Guidelines for Adult Cardiac Failure. https://www.elso.org/Portals/0/IGD/Archive/FileManager/e76ef78eabcusersshyerdocumentselsoguidelinesforadultcardiacfailure1.3.pdf
  252. Grasselli G., Zangrillo A., Zanella A., et al. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA. 2020 Apr 6. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.5394
  253. Arentz M., Yim E., Klaff L., et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of 21 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 in Washington State. JAMA. Published online March 19, 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.4326
  254. Report on 2249 patients critically ill with COVID-19 Accessed on https://www.icnarc.org/About/Latest-News/2020/04/04/Report-On-2249-Patients-Critically Ill-With-Covid-19 (Accessed 07.04.2020.)
  255. Schmidt M., Bailey M., Sheldrake J., et al. Predicting survival after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory failure. The Respiratory Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survival Prediction (RESP) score. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2014; 189(11): 1374–1382.
  256. Schmidt M., Burrell A., Roberts L., et al. Predicting survival after ECMO for refractory cardiogenic shock: the survival after veno-arterial-ECMO (SAVE)-score. Eur Heart J. 2015; 36(33): 2246–2256.
  257. Schmidt M., Zogheib E., Roze H., et al. The PRESERVE mortality risk score and analysis of long-term outcomes after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med. 2013; 39(10): 1704–1713.
  258. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). Guidelines for ECPR Cases.
  259. Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO). Ultrasound Guidance for Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation.
  260. Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO). Ultrasound Guidance for Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation Veno-Venous ECMO specific guidelines.
  261. Platts D.G., Sedgwick J.F., Burstow D.J., et al. The Role of Echocardiography in the Management of Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2012; 25(2): 131–141.
  262. Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO). Ultrasound Guidance for Extra-corporeal Membrane Oxygenation Veno-Arterial ECMO specific guidelines.
  263. Brower R.G., Matthay M.A., Morris A., et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(18): 1301–1308.
  264. Abrams D., Schmidt M., Pham T., et al. Mechanical Ventilation for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome during Extracorporeal Life Support. Research and Practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020; 201(5): 514–525.
  265. Peek G.J., Mugford M., Tiruvoipati R., et al.; CESAR trial collaboration. Efficacy and economic assessment of conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure (CESAR): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009; 374: 1351–1363.
  266. Agerstrand C.L., Burkart K.M., Abrams D.C., et al. Blood conservation in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015; 99(2): 590–595. DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.08.039
  267. Extracorporeal Life Support Organisation (ELSO). Anticoagulation Guideline. https://www.elso.org/Portals/0/Files/elsoanticoagulationguideline8-2014-table-contents.pdf
  268. Vasques F., Romitti F., Gattinoni L., Camporota L. How I wean patients from veno-venous extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation. Critical Care. 2019; 23(1): 316.
  269. Broman L.M., Malfertheiner M.V., Montisci A., Pappalardo F. Weaning from veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: how I do it. J Thorac Dis. 2018; 10(Suppl 5): S692–S697.
  270. Aissaoui N., Luyt C.E., Leprince P., et al. Predictors of successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) weaning after assistance for refractory cardiogenic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2011; 37(11): 1738–1745.
  271. Barnett K., Mercer S.W., Norbury M., et al. Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 2012; 380(9836):37–43. Epub 2012 May 10. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60240-2
  272. Mills S.E., Nicolson K.P., Smith B.H. Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies. Br J Anaesth. 2019; 123(2):e273–e83. Epub 2019 May 10. DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2019.03.023
  273. Franchi S., Moschetti G., Amodeo G., Sacerdote P. Do all opioid drugs share the same immunomodulatory properties? A review from animal and human studies. Front Immunol. 2019; 10:2914. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02914
  274. Sacerdote P. Opioids and the immune system. Palliat Med. 2006; 20(Suppl 1):s9–15.
  275. Ren K., Dubner R. Interactions between the immune and nervous systems in pain. Nat Med. 2010; 16(11):1267–76. Epub 2010 Oct 14. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2234
  276. A Joint Statement by American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA). URL: https://www.asra.com/page/2903/recommendations-on-chronic-pain-practice-during-the-covid-19-pandemic
  277. Desforges M., Le Coupanec A., Stodola J.K., et al. Human coronaviruses: viral and cellular factors involved in neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenesis. Virus Res. 2014; 194: 145–158.
  278. Sun T., Guan J. Novel coronavirus and central nervous system. Eur J Neurol. 2020. Accepted Author Manuscript. DOI: 10.1111/ene.14227
  279. The European League Against Rheumatism. EULAR Guidance for patients COVID-19 outbreak. https://www.eular.org/eular_guidance_for_patients_covid19_outbreak.cfm (Accessed on March 18, 2020.)
  280. The American Academy of Dermatology. https://assets.ctfassets.net/1ny4yoiyrqia/PicgNuD0IpYd9MSOwab47/023ce3cf6eb82cb304b4ad4a8ef50d56/Biologics_and_COVID-19.pdf (Accessed on March 18, 2020.)
  281. American College of Rheumatology. https://www.rheumatology.org/announcements (Accessed on March 18, 2020.)
  282. Actualisation recommendations Covid-19. https://dgs-urgent.sante.gouv.fr/dgsurgent/inter/detailsMessageBuilder.do?id=30500&cmd=visualiserMessage (Accessed on March 19, 2020.)
  283. Updated: WHO Now Doesnʼt Recommend Avoiding Ibuprofen ForCOVID-19 Symptoms. Available at https://www.sciencealert.com/who-recommends-to-avoid-taking-ibuprofen-for-covid-19-symptoms
  284. European Medicines Agency. EMA gives advice on the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatories for COVID-19. https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/news/ema-gives-advice-use-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatories-covid-19
  285. Giudicessi J.R., Noseworthy P.A., Friedman P.A., et al. Urgent guidance for navigating and circumventing the QTc prolonging and torsadogenic potential of possible pharmacotherapies for COVID-19. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020.
  286. Wu C.-I., Postema P.G., Arbelo E., et al. SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and inherited arrhythmia syndromes. Heart Rhythm. 2020.
  287. FDA Drug Safety Communication: Interactions between certain HIV or hepatitis C drugs and cholesterol-lowering statin drugs can increase the risk of muscle injury. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-drug-safety-communication-interactions-between-certain-hiv-or-hepatitis-c-drugs-and-cholesterol
  288. van der Lee M., Sankatsing R., Schippers E., et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of combined use of lopinavir/ritonavir and rosuvastatin in HIV-infected patients. Antivir Ther. 2007; 12(7): 1127–1132.
  289. Glesby M.J., Aberg J.A., Kendall M.A., et al. Pharmacokinetic interactions between indinavir plus ritonavir and calcium channel blockers. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics/ 2005; 78: 143–153. DOI: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.04.005
  290. Levin M., Morais-Almeida M., Ansotegui I.J., et al. Acute asthma management during SARS-CoV2-pandemic 2020 [ahead of print, 2020 May 14]. World Allergy Organ J. 2020; 100125. DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2020.100125
  291. Attaway A. Management of patients with COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clev Clin J Med. 2020 May 11;ccc007; DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc007
  292. Global initiative for asthma. Covid-19: GINA Answers to Frequently Asked Questions on Asthma Management [Internet]; 2020. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/covid19-gina-answers-to-frequently-asked-questions-on-asthmamanagement
  293. Simonds A.K., Hanak A., Chatwin M., et al. Evaluation of droplet dispersion during non-invasive ventilation, oxygen therapy, nebuliser treatment and chest physiotherapy in clinical practice: implications for management of pandemic influenza and other airborne infections. Health Technol Assess. 2010; 14(46):131–172.
  294. Bansal M. Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 [published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 25]. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2020; 14(3): 247–250. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.03.013
  295. Libby P., Simon D.I. Inflammation and thrombosis: the clot thickens. Circulation. 2001; 103: 1718–1720.
  296. Driggin E., Madhavan M.V., Bikdeli B., et al. Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Mar 18. pii: S0735-1097(20)34637-4. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.031
  297. Xiong T.-Y., Redwood S., Prendergast B., Chen M. Coronaviruses and the cardiovascular system: acute and long-term implications. Eur Heart J. 2020 Mar 18. pii: ehaa231. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa231
  298. Landoni G., Zangrillo A., Lomivorotov V.V., et al. Cardiac protection with phosphocreatine: a meta-analysis. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2016; 23(4): 637–646. DOI: 10.1093/icvts/ivw171
  299. Böhm M., Frey N., Giannitsis E., et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its implications for cardiovascular care: expert document from the German Cardiac Society and the World Heart Federation. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020 May 27:1–14. DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01656-3
  300. Asokan I., Rabadia S.V., Yang E.H. The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Cardio-Oncology Population. Curr Oncol Rep. 2020; 22(6):60. DOI: 10.1007/s11912-020-00945-4
  301. Mingxing F., Landoni G., Zangrillo A., et al. Phosphocreatine in Cardiac Surgery Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2018; 32(2): 762–770. DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2017.07.024. Epub 2017 Jul 24.
  302. Yang Dezhi, Han Hui, Chen Gui. Clinical effect observation of coenzyme in the treatment of children with viral myocarditis [J]. Internal Medicine. 2018; 13(04): 568–570.
  303. Li Wenhui, Wen Zhizhi, Li Bailin, et al. Coenzyme Q10, creatine phosphate, and salvia injection combined to treat patients with viral myocarditis Observation of clinical effect [J]. Drugs and Clinics. 2019; 1: 71–72.
  304. Remuzzi A., Remuzzi G. COVID-19 and Italy: what next? Lancet. 2020; 395: 1225–1228.
  305. Bornstein S., Rubino F., Khunt K., et al. Practical recommendations for the management of diabetes in patients with COVID-19. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020. Published Online April 23 2020. DOI: 10.1016/ S2213-8587(20)30152-2
  306. Luzi L., Radaelli M.G. Influenza and obesity: its odd relationship and the lessons for COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Diabetol 2020. Published online April 5. DOI:10.1007/s00592-020-01522-8
  307. Hartmann-Boyce J., Morris E., Goyder C., et al. Managing diabetes during the COVID- 19 epidemic. 2020. https://www.cebm.net/ covid-19/managing-diabetes-during-the-covid-19-pandemic/ (Accessed April 15, 2020.)
  308. Wu Q., Zhou L., Sun X., et al. Altered lipid metabolism in recovered SARS patients twelve years after infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7: 9110.
  309. Dellinger R.P., Levy M.M., Rhodes A., et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41: 580–637.
  310. Hsia D.S., Grove O., Cefalu W.T. An update on sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2017; 24(1):73–79. DOI: 10.1097/MED.0000000000000311
  311. Cristelo C., Azevedo C., Moreira Marques J., et al. SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes: New Challenges for the Disease [online ahead of print, 2020 May 21]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2020; 108228. DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108228
  312. Filippatos T.D., Panagiotopoulou T.V., Elisaf M.S. Adverse Effects of Glp-1 Receptor Agonists. The Review of Diabetic Studies. 2014; 11(3–4):202–230. DOI: 10.1900/RDS.2014.11.202
  313. Critchley J.A., Carey I.M., Harris T., et al. Glycemic control and risk of infections among people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in a large primary care cohort study. Diabetes Care. 2018; 41:2127–35.
  314. Lambertini M., Toss A., Passaro A., et al. Cancer care during the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy: young oncologists’ perspective. ESMO Open 2020; 5: e000759. DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000759
  315. Kutikov A., Weinberg D.S., Edelman M.J., et al. A War on Two Fronts: Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. 2020.
  316. Ueda M., Martins R., Hendrie P.C., et al. Managing Cancer Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Agility and Collaboration Toward a Common Goal. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2020: 1.
  317. Couper K., Taylor-Phillips S., Grove A., et al. COVID-19 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest. Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations [Internet] Brussels, Belgium: International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). 2020 March 30. Available from: http://ilcor.org
  318. Al‐Shamsi H.O., Alhazzani W., Alhuraiji A., et al. A Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group. The Oncol. 2020. DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0213
  319. Liang W., Guan W., Chen R., et al. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: A nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol. 2020; 21:335–337.
  320. Chalumeau M., Bidet P., Lina G., et al. Transmission of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-producing Staphylococcus aureus to a physician during resuscitation of a child. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2005; 41: e29–30.
  321. Nam H.S., Yeon M.Y., Park J.W., et al. Healthcare worker infected with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Korea, 2015. Epidemiol Health. 2017; 39: e2017052.
  322. Loeb M., McGeer A., Henry B., et al. SARS among critical care nurses, Toronto. Emerging infectious diseases. 2004; 10: 251–255.
  323. Christian M.D., Loutfy M., McDonald L.C., et al. Possible SARS coronavirus transmission during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004; 10: 287–293.
  324. Kim W.Y., Choi W., Park S.W., et al. Nosocomial transmission of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Korea. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2015; 60: 1681–1683.
  325. Knapp J., Weigand M.A., Popp E. Transmission of tuberculosis during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Focus on breathing system filters. [German]. Notfall und Rettungsmedizin. 2016; 19:48–51.
  326. Shin H., Oh J., Lim T.H., et al. Comparing the protective performances of 3 types of N95 filtering facepiece respirators during chest compressions: A randomized simulation study. Medicine. 2017; 96: e8308.
  327. Bikdeli B., Madhavan M.V., Jimenez D., et al. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.04.031
  328. Wichmann D., et al. Autopsy findings and venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19. Ann Intern Med. DOI: 10.7326/M20-2003
  329. Hippensteel J.A., Burnham E.L., Jolley S.E. Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolism in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19. Br J Haematol. 2020; 10.1111/bjh.16908. DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16908
  330. Tal S., Spectre G., Kornowski R., Perl L. Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far? Acta Haematol. 2020:1-8. DOI: 10.1159/000508233
  331. Spyropoulos A.C., Levy J.H., Ageno W., et al. Scientific and Standardization Committee Communication: Clinical Guidance on the Diagnosis, Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 10.1111/jth.14929. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14929
  332. Al-Ani F., Chehade S., Lazo-Langner A. Thrombosis risk associated with COVID-19 infection. A scoping review. Thromb Res. 2020; 192:152–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.039
  333. Zhang L., Feng X., Zhang D., et al. Deep Vein Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcome. Circulation. 2020. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046702
  334. Zhai Z., Li C., Chen Y., et al. Prevention and Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: A Consensus Statement before Guidelines. Thromb Haemost. 2020; 120(6):937–948. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1710019
  335. Casini A., Alberio L., Angelillo-Scherrer A., et al. Thromboprophylaxis and laboratory monitoring for in-hospital patients with COVID-19 — a Swiss consensus statement by the Working Party Hemostasis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020; 150:w20247. DOI: 10.4414/smw.2020.20247
  336. Thachil J., Tang N., Gando S., et al. Laboratory haemostasis monitoring in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14866
  337. Favaloro E.J., Lippi G. Recommendations for Minimal Laboratory Testing Panels in Patients with COVID-19: Potential for Prognostic Monitoring. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2020; 46(3):379–382. DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709498
  338. Barnes G.D., Burnett A., Allen A., et al. Thromboembolism and anticoagulant therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim clinical guidance from the anticoagulation forum. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020:1–10. DOI: 10.1007/s11239-020-02138-z
  339. Moores L.K., Tritschler T., Brosnahan S., et al. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19: CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2020;S0012-3692(20)31625-1. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.05.559
  340. Linnemann B., Bauersachs R., Grebe M., et al. Venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) — a position paper of the German Society of Angiology (DGA). Vasa. 2020:1–5. DOI: 10.1024/0301-1526/a000885
  341. Skeik N., Mirza A., Manunga J. Management of venous thromboembolism during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020;S2213-333X(20)30307-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.05.005
  342. Porfidia A., Pola R. Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2020; 18(6):1516–1517. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14842
  343. Criel M., Falter M., Jaeken J., et al. Venous thromboembolism in SARS-CoV-2 patients: only a problem in ventilated ICU patients, or is there more to it? Eur Respir J. 2020; 2001201. DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01201-2020
  344. БулановА.Ю., Ройтман Е.В. Новая коронавирусная инфекция, система гемостаза и проблемы дозирования гепаринов: это важно сказать сейчас. Тромбоз, гемостаз, реология. 2020; 2: 11–18.
  345. Connors J.M., Levy J.H. Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID-19. First published: 17 April 2020. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14849
  346. Paranjpe I., Fuster V., Lala A., et al. Association of treatment dose anticoagulation with in-hospital survival among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020; 76(1):122–124. DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.001
  347. Liu X., et al. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is associated with a high risk of mortality in critical COVID-19 patients receiving heparin-involved treatment. Posted 2020 April 28. DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.23.20076851
  348. Grillet F., et al. Acute Pulmonary Embolism Associated with COVID-19 Pneumonia Detected by Pulmonary CT Angiography Radiology Published online: 2020 Apr 23. DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020201544
  349. Watson R.A., Johnson D.M., Dharia R.N., et al. Anti-Coagulant and Anti-Platelet Therapy in the COVID-19 Patient: A Best Practices Quality Initiative Across a Large Health System. Hosp Pract (1995). 2020. DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2020.1772639
  350. Poggiali E., Bastoni D., Ioannilli E., et al. Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: Two Complications of COVID-19 Pneumonia? Eur J Case Rep Intern Med. 2020; 7(5):001646. DOI: 10.12890/2020_001646
  351. Porres-Aguilar M., Ayala A., Mukherjee D., Tapson V.F. Pulmonary embolism response teams in the challenging era of venous thromboembolism associated with COVID-19. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2020; S2213-333X(20)30320-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.04.032
  352. Qanadli S.D., Gudmundsson L., Rotzinger D.C. Catheter-directed thrombolysis in COVID-19 pneumonia with acute PE: Thinking beyond the guidelines. Thromb Res. 2020; 192:9–11. DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.05.007
  353. Lee G.C., Fralick M., Sholzberg M. Coagulopathy, associated with COVID-19. CMAJ. 2020; 193:E583.
  354. Montravers P., Lucet J.C. Propositions pour la prise en charge anesthésique d’un patient suspect ou infecté à Coronavirus COVID-19. https://sfar.org/propositions-pour-la-prise-en-charge-anesthesique-dun-patient-suspect-ou-infecte-a-coronavirus-covid-19/
  355. Chen X., Liu Y., Gong Y., et al. Chinese Society of Anesthesiology, Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists. Perioperative Management of Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus: Recommendation from the Joint Task Force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 2020 Mar 26. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003301
  356. Wen X., Li Y. Anesthesia Procedure of Emergency Operation for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020; 21(3):299. DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.040
  357. БулановА.Ю. Новая коронавирусная инфекция и проблемы гемостаза: это нужно сказать сегодня. Тромбоз, гемостаз и реология, 2020. [Epub ahead of print.]
  358. [Bulanov A.Yu. A new coronavirus infection and hemostasis problems: this must be said today. Thrombosis, hemostasis and rheology. 2020. (In Russ)]
  359. Greenland J.R., Michelow M.D., Wang L., London M.J. COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Perioperative and Critical Care Physicians. Anesthesiology. 2020 Mar 27. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003303
  360. Zhang H.F., Bo L., Lin Y., et al. Response of Chinese Anesthesiologists to the COVID-19 Outbreak. Anesthesiology. 2020 Mar 30. DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000003300
  361. Böhrer H., Fleischer F., Werning P. Tussive effect of a fentanyl bolus administered through a central venous catheter. Anaesthesia. 1990; 45:18–21.
  362. Chestnutʼs Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice 6th Edition. D.H. Chestnut et al. Elsevier; 2019.
  363. Liu H., Wang L.L., Zhao S.J., et al. Why are pregnant women susceptible to COVID-19? An immunological viewpoint. J Reprod Immunol. 2020 Mar 19; 139: 103122. DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103122
  364. Coronavirus (COVID-19) Infection in Pregnancy Information for healthcare professionals. Version 7: Published Thursday 9 April 2020. https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-04-09-coronavirus-covid-19-infection-in-pregnancy.pdf
  365. Kalafat E., Yaprak E., Cinar G., Varli B., et al. Lung ultrasound and computed tomographic findings in pregnant woman with COVID-19. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Apr 6. DOI: 10.1002/uog.22034
  366. Liu H., Liu F., Li J., Zhang T., et al. Clinical and CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia: Focus on pregnant women and children. J Infect. 2020 Mar 20. pii: S0163-4453(20)30118-3. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.007
  367. Mathur S., Pillenahalli Maheshwarappa R., Fouladirad S., et al. Emergency Imaging in Pregnancy and Lactation. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2020; 71(3):396–402. DOI: 10.1177/0846537120906482
  368. Wang P.S., Rodgers S.K., Horrow M.M. Ultrasound of the First Trimester. Radiol Clin North Am. 2019; 57(3): 617–633. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.01.006
  369. Tirada N., Dreizin D., Khati N.J., et al. Imaging Pregnant and Lactating Patients. Radiographics. 2015; 35(6): 1751–1765. DOI: 10.1148/rg.2015150031
  370. ГОСТ РМЭК 60601-2-33-2013: Изделия медицинские электрические. Часть 2–33. Частные требования безопасности с учетом основных функциональных характеристик к медицинскому диагностическому оборудованию, работающему на основе магнитного резонанса.
  371. [GOST R IEC 60601-2-33-2013: Medical electrical equipment. Part 2–33. Particular safety requirements, taking into account the basic functional characteristics of medical diagnostic equipment operating on the basis of magnetic resonance. (In Russ)]
  372. СанПиН6.1.1192-03. Гигиенические требования к устройству и эксплуатации рентгеновских кабинетов, аппаратов и проведению рентгенологических исследований.
  373. [SanPiN 2.6.1.1192–03. Hygienic requirements for the design and operation of X-ray rooms, apparatuses and X-ray studies. (In Russ)]
  374. Juusela A., Nazir M., Gimovsky M. Two Cases of COVID-19 Related Cardiomyopathy in Pregnancy. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 3 April 2020. In Press. Journal Pre-proof. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100113
  375. Bauer M., Bernstein K., Dinges E., et al. Obstetric Anesthesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Anesth Analg. 2020 Apr 6. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004856
  376. Thachil J., Tang N., Gando S., et al. ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020. Accepted Author Manuscript. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14810
  377. Mei H., Hu Y. Characteristics, causes, diagnosis and treatment of coagulation dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2020; 41(0): E002. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2020.0002
  378. Tang N., Li D., Wang X., Sun Z. Abnormal Coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. 2020; 18(4): 844–847. DOI: 10.1111/jth.14768
  379. Xia W., Shao J., Guo Y., et al. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2020; 55(5): 1169–1174. DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24718. [Epub 2020 Mar 5]
  380. Liu W., Zhang Q., Chen J., et al. Detection of Covid-19 in Children in Early January 2020 in Wuhan, China. N Engl J Med. 2020; 382(14): 1370–1371. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2003717
  381. Wei M., Yuan J., Liu Y., et al. Novel Coronavirus Infection in Hospitalized Infants Under 1 Year of Age in China. JAMA. 2020 Feb 14. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.2131
  382. Coronavirus (COVID-19): evidence relevant to critical care. [Cochrane special collection]. URL: https://www.cochrane.org/news/special-collection-coronavirus-covid-19-evidence-relevant-critical-care
  383. Dong Y., Mo X., Hu Y., et al. Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China. Pediatrics. 2020. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0702. [Epub ahead of print]: https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2020/03/16/peds.2020-0702.long
  384. Sun D., Li H., Lu X.X., et al. Clinical features of severe pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a single centerʼs observational study. World J Pediatr. 2020 Mar 19. DOI: 10.1007/s12519-020-00354-4
  385. Zeng L., Xia S., Yuan W., et al. Neonatal Early-Onset Infection With SARS-CoV-2 in 33 Neonates Born to Mothers With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. JAMA Pediatr. Published online March 26, 2020. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0878
  386. Wang J., Qi H., Bao L., Li F., Shi Y. A contingency plan for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in neonatal intensive care units. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30040-7
  387. Pouletty M., Borocco C., Ouldali N., et al. Paediatric multisystem inflammatory syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 mimicking Kawasaki disease (Kawa-COVID-19): a multicentre cohort. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020; 0:1–8. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217960
  388. Verdoni L., Mazza A., Gervasoni A. An Outbreak of Severe Kawasaki-like Disease at the Italian Epicentre of the SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic: An Observational Cohort Study. Lancet. 2020; 395(10239):1771–1778. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31103-X
  389. Toubiana J., Poirault C., Corsia A., et al. Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study. BMJ. 2020; 369. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2094
  390. Suggested citation: European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. 2020 May 15. ECDC: Stockholm; 2020.
  391. Belot A., Antona D., Renolleau S., et al. SARS-CoV-2-related paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome, an epidemiological study. France, 1 March to 17 May 2020. Euro Surveill. 2020; 25(22):pii=2001010. DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.22.2001010
  392. Whittaker E., Bamford A., Kenny J., et al. Clinical Characteristics of 58 Children With a Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Temporally Associated With SARS-CoV-2. JAMA. 2020 June 8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.10369
  393. Cheung E.W., Zachariah P., Gorelik M., et al. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Related to COVID-19 in Previously Healthy Children and Adolescents in New York City. JAMA. 2020 June 8. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.10374
  394. Son M.B. Pediatric inflammatory syndrome temporally related to covid-19. BMJ. 2020; 369:m2123. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m2123
  395. Ronco C., Reis T., De Rosa S. Coronavirus Epidemic and Extracorporeal Therapies in Intensive Care: si vis pacem para bellum. Blood Purif. 2020 Mar 13: 1–4. DOI: 10.1159/000507039.
  396. Interim Guidance for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Systems and 911 Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs) for COVID-19 in the United States. https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/guidance-for-ems.html
  397. Thomas P., Baldwin C., Bissett B., et al. Physiotherapy management for COVID-19 in the acute hospital setting. J Physiother. 2020; 66(2):73–82. DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2020.03.011. 2020
  398. https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/000609467.pdf
  399. Recommendations to guide clinical practice. Version 1.0, published 23 March 2020.
  400. Green M., Marzano V., Leditschke I.A., et al. Mobilization of intensive care patients: a multidisciplinary practical guide for clinicians. Multidiscip Healthc. 2016; 9: 247–256.
  401. Aoyagi J., Kanai T., Maru T., et al. Efficacy of plasma exchange with a high dose of acyclovir for disseminated varicella infection. CEN Case Rep. 2020; 9(1): 15–18. DOI: 10.1007/s13730-019-00415-2
  402. Zhang X.Y., Ye X.W., Feng D.X., et al. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Induced by Severe Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1) 2009 Virus Infection: A Case Report. Case Rep Med. 2011; 2011: 951910. DOI: 10.1155/2011/951910
  403. Demirkol D., Yildizdas D., Bayrakci B., et al.; Turkish Secondary HLH/MAS Critical Care Study Group. Hyperferritinemia in the critically ill child with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis/sepsis/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome/macrophage activation syndrome: what is the treatment? Crit Care. 2012; 16(2): R52. DOI: 10.1186/cc11256
  404. Pandey P.K., Kaul E., Agarwal N., Goel S. Effectiveness of therapeutic plasma exchange in a critically ill child with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Asian J Transfus Sci. 2019; 13(2): 145–147. DOI: 10.4103/ajts.AJTS_45_18
  405. EVMS critical care COVID-19 management protocol. 2020. Available at https://www.evms.edu/media/evms_public/departments/internal_medicine/EVMS_Critical_Care_COVID-19_Protocol.pdf
  406. Keith P., Day M., Perkins L., et al. A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1): 128. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-2836-4
  407. Xu K., Cai H., Shen Y., et al. [Management of corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19): the Zhejiang experience.] Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2020 Feb 21; 49(1): 0.
  408. Zhang C., Huang S., Zheng F., Dai Y. Controversial treatments: An updated understanding of the coronavirus disease 2019. J Med Virol. Mar 26, 2020. DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25788
  409. Casadevall A., Pirofski L.A. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. The Journal of clinical investigation. 2020. DOI: 10.1172/JCI138003
  410. Hung I.F., To K.K., Lee C.K., et al. Hyperimmune IV immunoglobulin treatment: a multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial for patients with severe 2009 influenza A(H1N1) infection. Chest. 2013; 144: 464–473.
  411. Hung I.F., To K.K., Lee C.K., et al. Convalescent plasma treatment reduced mortality in patients with severe pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus infection. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2011; 52: 447–456.
  412. Brown J.F., Rowe K., Zacharias P., et al. Apheresis for collection of Ebola convalescent plasma in Liberia. J Clin Apher. 2017; 32(3): 175–181. DOI: 10.1002/jca.21482
  413. Shen C., Wang Z., Zhao F., et al. Treatment of 5 Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19 With Convalescent Plasma. JAMA. 2020 Mar 27. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.4783
  414. Soo Y.O., Cheng Y., Wong R., et al. Retrospective comparison of convalescent plasma with continuing high-dose methylprednisolone treatment in SARS patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2004; 10(7): 676–678.
  415. Lim V.W., Tudor Car L., Leo Y.S., et al. Passive immune therapy and other immunomodulatory agents for the treatment of severe influenza: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2020; 14(2): 226–236. DOI: 10.1111/irv.12699
  416. БелкинА.А., Давыдова Н.С., Лейдерман И.Н. и др. Реабилитация в интенсивной терапии Клинические рекомендации. В кн.: Анестезиология и реаниматология. Под ред. И.Б. Заболотских? Е.М. Шифмана. М.; ГЭОТАР-медиа, 2016. С. 833–858.
  417. [Belkin A.A., Davydova N.S., Lejderman I.N., et al. Reabilitaciya v intensivnoj terapii Klinicheskie rekomendacii. In.: Anesteziologiya i reanimatologiya. Eds. I.B. Zabolotskih, E.M. SHifman. M.; GEOTAR-media, 2016. S. 833–858. (In Russ)]
  418. Приказ Министерства здравоохранения России от 19.03.2020 №198н «О временном порядке организации работы медицинских организаций в целях реализации мер по профилактике и снижению рисков распространения новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19» (в ред. от 27.03.2020 и от 04.2020).
  419. [Prikaz Ministerstva zdravoohraneniya Rossii ot 19.03.2020 № 198n “O vremennom poryadke organizacii raboty medicinskih organizacij v celyah realizacii mer po profilaktike i snizheniyu riskov rasprostraneniya novoj koronavirusnoj infekcii COVID-19” (v red. ot 27.03.2020 i ot 02.04.2020). (In Russ)]
  420. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi. [Recommendations for Respiratory Rehabilitation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Adult]. [Article in Chinese]. 2020; 43(4): 308–314. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200228-00206
  421. Bein T., Bischoff M., Brückner U., et al. S2e guideline: positioning and early mobilisation in prophylaxis or therapy of pulmonary disorders Revision. Anaesthesist. 2015; 64: 1–26. DOI: 10.1007/s00101-015-0071-1
  422. Romaguera R., et al. Consideraciones sobre el abordaje invasivo de la cardiopatía isquémica y estructural durante el brote de coronavirus COVID-19.REC Interv Cardiol. 2020. DOI: 10.24875/RECIC.M20000119
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.