Аннотация
Актуальность. За последнее десятилетие отмечается повышенное внимание к кетамину, что связано с выявлением его новых эффектов при использование низких (менее 1 мг/кг при болюсном введении и менее 20 мкг/кг/мин при продленной инфузии) доз препарата. У беременных женщин изменяется фармакокинетика большинства лекарственных препаратов, поэтому результаты исследований низких доз кетамина, полученные на других категориях пациентов, могут быть не воспроизведены в акушерской популяции.
Цель систематического обзора. Оценка клинических эффектов различных доз и схем введения кетамина в пределах субанестетического диапазона в периоперационном периоде кесарева сечения.
Материалы и методы. Поиск публикаций производился в электронных базах данных PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE и Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) четырьмя рецензентами независимо друг от друга. Дата последнего поискового запроса — 30 декабря 2019 г.
Результаты. Всего в обзор было включено 18 рандомизированных контролируемых исследований с участием 2703 пациенток. Результаты настоящего систематического обзора показали, что введение низких доз кетамина (в диапазоне 0,15–0,5 мг/кг) в периоперационном периоде кесарева сечения, выполняемого в условиях спинальной анестезии, способно снижать интенсивность боли и потребность в анальгетиках в послеоперационном периоде. Использование низких доз кетамина при этих условиях также может быть полезным для уменьшения выраженности озноба, зуда, профилактики возникновения послеоперационной тошноты и рвоты, постпункционной головной боли и послеродовой депрессии. Дозы менее 0,5 мг/кг представляются более безопасными и сопоставимо эффективными в профилактике вышеописанных осложнений. Однако малое количество и высокая гетерогенность исследований не позволяют сделать однозначные выводы. Эффективность низких доз кетамина в профилактике указанных осложнений при проведении операции в условиях общей анестезии также остается неясной.
Выводы. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования и проведение метаанализа данных для получения окончательных выводов.
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