Septic shock in obstetrics: guidelines of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists”
Issue 2 (2023) , CLINICAL GUIDELINES
Issue 2 (2023)
CLINICAL GUIDELINES

Septic shock in obstetrics: guidelines of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists”

https://doi.org/10.21320/1818-474X-2023-2-7-44
Published 28.04.2023
Alexander V. Kulikov
Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7768-4514
E.M. Shifman
Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6113-8498
D.N. Protsenko
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University (RNRMU), Moscow, Russia; Moscow’s Multidisciplinary Clinical Center “Kommunarka”, Moscow, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-3280
A.M. Ovezov
Moscow Regional Research and Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7629-6280
А.М. Роненсон
Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russia; E.M. Bakunina Tver Regional Clinical Perinatal Centre, Tver, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2468-297X
Yu.S. Raspopin
Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk, Russia; Krasnoyarsk Regional Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Krasnoyarsk, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5550-1628
N.V. Artymuk
Kemerovo State Medical University. Kemerovo, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7014-6492
T.E. Belokrynitskaya
Chita State Medical Academy. Chita, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-4223
K.N. Zolotukhin
Republican Clinical Hospital. G.G. Kuvatov, Ufa, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-5262
A.V. Shchegolev
Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6431-439X
V.V. Kovalev
Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8640-8418
A.A. Matkovsky
Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia; Ural State Medical University, Yekaterinburg, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2920-917X
D.O. Osipchuk
Regional Children's Clinical Hospital. Yekaterinburg, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3451-9946
N.Yu. Pylaeva
V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7220-0421
O.V. Ryazanova
D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology RAMS, St. Petersburg, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-8565
I.B. Zabolotskikh
Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russia; Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia; Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Krasnodar, Russia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3623-2546
#2023-2
PDF_2023-2_7-44 (Русский)

Keywords

obstetrics
septic shock
anesthesia
intensive care
guidelines

How to Cite

Kulikov A.V., Shifman E.M., Protsenko D.N., Ovezov A.M., Роненсон А.М., Raspopin Y.S., Artymuk N.V., Belokrynitskaya T.E., Zolotukhin K.N., Shchegolev A.V., Kovalev V.V., Matkovsky A.A., Osipchuk D.O., Pylaeva N.Y., Ryazanova O.V., Zabolotskikh I.B. Septic shock in obstetrics: guidelines of the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists and Reanimatologists”. Annals of Critical Care. 2023;(2):7–44. doi:10.21320/1818-474X-2023-2-7-44.
ACM ACS APA ABNT Chicago Harvard IEEE MLA Turabian Vancouver AMA GOST

Download Citation

Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS) BibTeX

Statistic

Abstract Views: 1381
PDF_2023-2_7-44 (Русский) Downloads: 255
Statistic from 21.01.2023

Language

English Русский

Announcements

Social Networks

Abstract

The article reflects the main provisions of the clinical guidelines on septic shock in obstetrics, approved by the All-Russian public organization “Federation of Anesthesiologists-Resuscitators” in 2022. The relevance of the problem is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates from sepsis and septic shock in obstetrics. The main issues of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, methods of laboratory and instrumental diagnostics, features of using the qSOFA, SOFA, MOEWS, SOS, MEWC, IMEWS scales for sepsis verification are consistently presented. The article presents the starting intensive therapy (the first 6–12 hours) of the treatment of septic shock in obstetrics, taking into account the characteristics of the pregnant woman's body. The strategy of prescribing vasopressors (norepinephrine, phenylephrine, epinephrine), inotropic drugs (dobutamine) is described, antibiotics and optimal antibiotic therapy regimens, features of infusion and adjuvant therapy are presented. The issues of surgical treatment of the focus of infection and indications for hysterectomy, as well as the organization of medical care and rehabilitation of patients with sepsis and septic shock were discussed. The basic principles of prevention of sepsis and septic shock in obstetrics are described. The criteria for the quality of medical care for patients with septic shock and the algorithms of doctor's actions in the diagnosis and intensive care of patients with septic shock in obstetrics are presented.

https://doi.org/10.21320/1818-474X-2023-2-7-44
PDF_2023-2_7-44 (Русский)

Full-text of the article is available for this locale: Русский.

References

  1. Singer M., Deutschman C.S., Seymour C.W., et al. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016; 315(8): 801–10. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287
  2. Bone R.C., Balk R.A., Cerra F.B., et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992; 101(6): 1644–55. DOI: 10.1378/chest.101.6.1644
  3. Levy M.M., Fink M.P., Marshall J.C., et al. International Sepsis Definitions Conference. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Intensive Care Med. 2003; 29(4): 530–8. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-003-1662-x
  4. Cecconi M., De Backer D., Antonelli M., et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014; 40(12): 1795–815. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-014-3525-z
  5. World Health Organization. Statement on maternal sepsis. Geneva: WHO; 2017. Accessed 20 Feb 2017.
  6. Bowyer L., Robinson H.L., Barrett H., et al. SOMANZ guidelines for the investigation and management sepsis in pregnancy. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2017; 57(5): 540–51. DOI: 10.1111/ajo.12646
  7. Bonet M., Nogueira Pileggi V., Rijken M.J., et al. Towards a consensus definition of maternal sepsis: results of a systematic review and expert consultation. Reprod Health. 2017; 14(1): 67. DOI: 10.1186/s12978-017-0321-6
  8. Dudley D.J., Witkin S.S., Muin D.A., et al. Infection during pregnancy: Continued challenges into the 21st century. BJOG. 2022; 129(2): 177–8. DOI: 10.1111/1471–0528.16988
  9. Ryan E.S., Varvoutis M., Kuller J.A., Dotters-Katz S. Intrapartum and Postpartum Management of Intra-amniotic Infection. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2021;76(2):114-121. DOI:10.1097/OGX.0000000000000867.
  10. Burlinson C.E.G., Sirounis D., Walley K.R., Chau A. Sepsis in pregnancy and the puerperium. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2018; 36: 96–107. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2018.04.010
  11. Cordioli R.L., Cordioli E., Negrini R., Silva E. Sepsis and pregnancy: do we know how to treat this situation? Rev Bras Ter Intensiva. 2013; 25(4): 334–44. DOI: 10.5935/0103-507X.20130056
  12. Knowles S.J., OʼSullivan N.P., Meenan A.M., et al. Maternal sepsis incidence, aetiology and outcome for mother and fetus: a prospective study. BJOG. 2015; 122(5): 663–71. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12892
  13. Kendle A.M., Louis J. Recognition and Treatment of Sepsis in Pregnancy. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2018; 63(3): 347–51. DOI: 10.1111/jmwh.12740
  14. Global Maternal and Neonatal Sepsis Initiative Working Group. Electronic address: bonetm@who.int. The Global Maternal and Neonatal Sepsis Initiative: a call for collaboration and action by 2030. Lancet Glob Health. 2017; 5(4): e390–e391. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30020-7
  15. WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study (GLOSS) Research Group. Frequency and management of maternal infection in health facilities in 52 countries (GLOSS): a 1-week inception cohort study. Lancet Glob Health. 2020; 8(5): e661–e671. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30109-1
  16. Shields A., de Assis V., Halscott T. Top 10 Pearls for the Recognition, Evaluation, and Management of Maternal Sepsis. Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 138(2): 289–304. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004471
  17. Barantsevich N., Barantsevich E. Diagnosis and Treatment of Invasive Candidiasis. Antibiotics (Basel). 2022; 11(6): 718. DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060718
  18. Jacobi J. The pathophysiology of sepsis — 2021 update: Part 1, immunology and coagulopathy leading to endothelial injury. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022; 79(5): 329–37. DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab380
  19. Jacobi J. The pathophysiology of sepsis — 2021 update: Part 2, organ dysfunction and assessment. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2022; 79(6): 424–36. DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab393
  20. Weil M.H., Shubin H. Proposed reclassification of shock states with special reference to distributive defects. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1971; 23(0): 13–23. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-9014-9_3
  21. Narayan S., Petersen T.L. Uncommon Etiologies of Shock. Crit Care Clin. 2022; 38(2): 429–41. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccc.2021.11.009
  22. Vincent J.L., De Backer D. Circulatory shock. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369(18): 1726–34. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1208943
  23. Standl T., Annecke T., Cascorbi I., et al. The Nomenclature, Definition and Distinction of Types of Shock. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2018; 115(45): 757–68. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0757
  24. Donders G., Greenhouse P., Donders F., et al. Genital Tract GAS Infection ISIDOG Guidelines. J Clin Med. 2021; 10(9): 2043. DOI: 10.3390/jcm10092043
  25. Jentzer J.C., Vallabhajosyula S., Khanna A.K., et al. Management of Refractory Vasodilatory Shock. Chest. 2018; 154(2): 416–26. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.021
  26. Bakker J., Kattan E., Annane D., et al. Current practice and evolving concepts in septic shock resuscitation. Intensive Care Med. 2022; 48(2): 148–63. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-021-06595-9
  27. De Backer D., Ricottilli F., Ospina-Tascón G.A. Septic shock: a microcirculation disease. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2021; 34(2): 85–91. DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000957
  28. Handbook of Sepsis. Ed. W. Joost Wiersinga, C.W. Seymour. Springer International Publishing. 2018. (eBook). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-73506-1
  29. Sepsis Management in Resource-limited Settings. Ed. A.M. Dondorp, M.W. Dünser, M.J. Schultz. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 2019. (eBook). DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-03143-5
  30. Sepsis. Third Edition. Ed. G. Ortiz-Ruiz, C. Dueñas-Castell. Springer Science+Business Media LLC. 2018. (eBook). DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7334-7
  31. World Health Assembly. Improving the prevention, diagnosis and clinical management of sepsis. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 2017. http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA70/ A70_R7-en.pdf (accessed Sept 27, 2019).
  32. Lawrence E.R., Klein T.J., Beyuo T.K. Maternal Mortality in Low and Middle-Income Countries. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2022; 49(4): 713–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.ogc.2022.07.001
  33. Filippi V., Chou D., Ronsmans C., et al. Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health: Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 2). Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank; 2016. Chapter 3.
  34. Say L., Chou D., Gemmill A., et al. Global causes of maternal death: a WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2014; 2(6): e323–33. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70227-X
  35. Woodd S.L., Montoya A., Barreix M., et al. Incidence of maternal peripartum infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Med. 2019; 16(12): e1002984. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002984
  36. Chen L., Wang Q., Gao Y., et al. The global burden and trends of maternal sepsis and other maternal infections in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. BMC Infect Dis. 2021; 21(1): 1074. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06779-0
  37. Rigouzzo A., Tessier V., Jonard M., et al. Mortalité maternelle par infection en France 2013–2015 Maternal deaths due to infections in France 2013–2015. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2021; 49(1): 53–9. French. DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2020.11.010
  38. Leitao S., Manning E., Greene R.A., et al. Maternal morbidity and mortality: an iceberg phenomenon. BJOG. 2022; 129(3): 402–11. DOI: 10.1111/1471–0528.16880
  39. Hellmeyer L., Zinn-Kirchner Z., Königbauer J.T. Maternal mortality in the city of Berlin: consequences for perinatal healthcare. J Perinat Med. 2021. DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0604
  40. García-Tizón Larroca S., Amor Valera F., Ayuso Herrera E., et al. Human Development Index of the maternal country of origin and its relationship with maternal near miss: A systematic review of the literature. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2020; 20(1): 224. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02901-3
  41. Hughes B.L. Group A Streptococcus puerperal sepsis: an emerging obstetric infection? BJOG. 2019; 126(1): 54. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15485
  42. Morgan M. Challenging infections in pregnancy. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2020; 30(9): 289–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.ogrm.2020.06.005
  43. Heitkamp A., Seinstra J., van den Akker T., et al. A district-wide population-based descriptive study of emergency peripartum hysterectomy in a middle-income country. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019; 146(1): 103–9. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12837
  44. Escobar M.F., Echavarría M.P., Zambrano M.A., et al. Maternal sepsis. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. 2020; 2(3): 100149. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100149
  45. Morocho J.P., Martínez A.F., Cevallos M.M., et al. Prolonged Capillary Refilling as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients With Septic Shock. J Intensive Care Med. 2022; 37(3): 423–9. DOI: 10.1177/08850666211003507
  46. de Oliveira V.M., Moraes R.B., Stein A.T., Wendland EM. Accuracy of C — Reactive protein as a bacterial infection marker in critically immunosuppressed patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Crit Care. 2017; 42: 129–37. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.07.025
  47. Oben A.G., Johnson B.M., Tita A.T.N., et al. A systematic review of biomarkers associated with maternal infection in pregnant and postpartum women. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2022; 157(1): 42–50. DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13747
  48. Ehler J., Busjahn C., Schürholz T. Welche Biomarker zu Diagnosestellung und Steuerung der antiinfektiven Therapie bei Sepsis? [Which biomarkers for diagnosis and guidance of anti-infection treatment in sepsis?]. Anaesthesist. 2022; 71(1): 3–11. DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-01067-7
  49. Kondo Y., Umemura Y., Hayashida K., et al. Diagnostic value of procalcitonin and presepsin for sepsis in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intensive Care. 2019; 7: 22. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-019-0374-4.
  50. Levy M.M., Evans L.E., Rhodes A. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign Bundle: 2018 Update. Crit Care Med. 2018; 46(6): 997–1000. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003119
  51. Dockree S., OʼSullivan J., Shine B., et al. How should we interpret lactate in labour? A reference study. BJOG. 2022; 129(13): 2150–6. DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17264.
  52. Vardon-Bounes F., Ruiz S., Gratacap M.P., et al. Platelets Are Critical Key Players in Sepsis. Int J Mol Sci. 2019; 20(14). pii: E3494. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143494
  53. Assinger A., Schrottmaier W.C., Salzmann M., Rayes J. Platelets in Sepsis: An Update on Experimental Models and Clinical Data. Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 1687. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.016
  54. Jonsson A.B., Rygård S.L., Hildebrandt T., et al. Thrombocytopenia in intensive care unit patients: A scoping review. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2021; 65(1): 2–14. DOI: 10.1111/aas.13699
  55. Alenazy H., Alghamdi A., Pinto R., Daneman N. Candida colonization as a predictor of invasive candidiasis in non-neutropenic ICU patients with sepsis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Infect Dis. 2021; 102: 357–362. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.10.092
  56. Mathur S., Pillenahalli Maheshwarappa R., Fouladirad S., et al. Emergency Imaging in Pregnancy and Lactation. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2020: 846537120906482. DOI: 10.1177/0846537120906482
  57. Wang P.S., Rodgers S.K., Horrow M.M. Ultrasound of the First Trimester. Radiol Clin North Am. 2019; 57(3): 617–33. DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2019.01.006
  58. Arnold M.J., Jonas C.E., Carter R.E. Point-of-Care Ultrasonography. Am Fam Physician. 2020 1; 101(5): 275–85.
  59. Mathur S., Pillenahalli Maheshwarappa R., Fouladirad S., et al. Emergency Imaging in Pregnancy and Lactation [Formula: see text]. Can Assoc Radiol J. 2020;71(3):396-402. DOI: 10.1177/0846537120906482.
  60. Taylor C., Ellett L., Hiscock R., Mooney S. Hysteroscopic management of retained products of conception: A systematic review. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2022; 62(1): 22–32. DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13455
  61. Gkrozou F., Tsonis O., Dimitriou E., Paschopoulos M. In women with chronic or subclinical endometritis is hysteroscopy suitable for setting the diagnosis? A systematic review. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2020; 46(9): 1639–50. DOI: 10.1111/jog.14360
  62. Trauzeddel R.F., Nordine M., Groesdonk H.V., et al. Perioperative Optimierung mittels auf die Hämodynamik fokussierter Echokardiographie bei Hochrisikopatienten — eine Praxisanleitung [Perioperative optimization using hemodynamically focused echocardiography in high-risk patients-A practice guide]. Anaesthesist. 2021; 70(9): 772–84. German. DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-00934-7
  63. Mervak B.M., Altun E., McGinty K.A., et al. MRI in pregnancy: Indications and practical considerations. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2019; 49(3): 621–31. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26317
  64. Ray J.G., Vermeulen M.J., Bharatha A., et al. Association Between MRI Exposure During Pregnancy and Fetal and Childhood Outcomes. JAMA. 2016; 316(9): 952–61. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.12126
  65. Chartier A.L., Bouvier M.J., McPherson D.R., et al. The Safety of Maternal and Fetal MRI at 3 T. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2019; 213(5): 1170–3. DOI: 10.2214/AJR.19.21400
  66. Puac P., Rodríguez A., Vallejo C., et al. Safety of Contrast Material Use During Pregnancy and Lactation. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2017; 25(4): 787–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2017.06.010
  67. Rocha A.P.C., Carmo R.L., Melo R.F.Q., et al. Imaging evaluation of nonobstetric conditions during pregnancy: what every radiologist should know. Radiol Bras. 2020; 53(3): 185–94. DOI: 10.1590/0100-3984.2019.0059
  68. Mattsson S., Leide-Svegborn S., Andersson M. X-Ray and molecular imaging during pregnancy and breastfeeding-when should we be worried? Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 2021;195(3-4):339-348. DOI:10.1093/rpd/ncab041.
  69. Shafik S., Mallick S., Fogel J., et al. The utility of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) for diagnosing sepsis in the immediate postpartum period. J Infect Public Health. 2019; 12(6): 799–802. DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.04.003
  70. Champagne H.A., Garabedian M.J. Routine Screening for Sepsis in an Obstetric Population: Evaluation of an Improvement Project. Perm J. 2020; 24: 1–10. DOI: 10.7812/TPP/19.232
  71. Bauer M.E., Bauer S.T., Rajala B., et al. Maternal physiologic parameters in relationship to systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 124(3): 535–41. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000423
  72. Rojas-Suarez J., Paternina-Caicedo A., Miranda J., et al. New obstetric systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria for early identification of high-risk of sepsis in obstetric patients. J Perinat Med. 2021; 49(9): 1096–1102. DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2021-0135
  73. Bauer M.E., Housey M., Bauer S.T., et al. Risk Factors, Etiologies, and Screening Tools for Sepsis in Pregnant Women: A Multicenter Case-Control Study. Anesth Analg. 2019; 129(6): 1613–20. DOI: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000003709
  74. Shankar-Hari M., Phillips G.S., Levy M.L., et al. Sepsis Definitions Task Force. Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016; 315(8): 775–87. DOI: 10.1001/jama.2016.0289
  75. Serafim R., Gomes J.A., Salluh J., Póvoa P. A Comparison of the Quick-SOFA and Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome Criteria for the Diagnosis of Sepsis and Prediction of Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Chest. 2018; 153(3): 646–55. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.12.015
  76. Sparks R., Harada A., Chavada R., Trethewy C. Comparison of different sepsis scoring systems and pathways: qSOFA, SIRS, Shapiro criteria and CEC SEPSIS KILLS pathway in bacteraemic and non-bacteraemic patients presenting to the emergency department. BMC Infect Dis. 2022; 22(1): 76. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07070-6
  77. Franchini S., Scarallo L., Carlucci M., et al. SIRS or qSOFA? Is that the question? Clinical and methodological observations from a meta-analysis and critical review on the prognostication of patients with suspected sepsis outside the ICU. Intern Emerg Med. 2019; 14(4): 593–602. DOI: 10.1007/s11739-018-1965-0
  78. Wulff A., Montag S., Marschollek M., Jack T. Clinical Decision-Support Systems for Detection of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Sepsis, and Septic Shock in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review. Methods Inf Med. 2019; 58(S 02): e43–e57. DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1695717
  79. Abutheraa N., Grant J., Mullen A.B. Sepsis scoring systems and use of the Sepsis six care bundle in maternity hospitals. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2021; 21(1): 524. DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-03921-3
  80. Cagino S.G., Burke A.A., Letner D.R., et al. Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment: Modifications for Identifying Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in Obstetrical Patients. Am J Perinatol. 2022; 39(1): 1–7. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735624
  81. Herwanto V., Shetty A., Nalos M., et al. Accuracy of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score to Predict Sepsis Mortality in 121 Studies Including 1,716,017 Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Explor. 2019; 1(9): e0043. DOI: 10.1097/CCE.0000000000000043
  82. Xiao L., Niu L., Zhang X., et al. A comparison of the infection related critical illness scores for predicting mortality in patients with infection or suspected infection: a network Meta-analysis. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2021; 33(10): 1187–92. Chinese. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20210226-00299
  83. Заболотских И.Б., Мусаева Т.С., Денисова Е.А. Валидность шкал APACHE II, APACHE III, SAPS 2, SAPS 3 и SOFA у акушерских больных с сепсисом. Анестезиология и реаниматология. 2012; 6: 55–7.
  84. Smith V., Kenny L.C., Sandall J., et al. Physiological track-and-trigger/early warning systems for use in maternity care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021; 9(9): CD013276. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013276.pub2
  85. Edwards S.E., Grobman W.A., Lappen J.R., et al. Modified obstetric early warning scoring systems (MOEWS): validating the diagnostic performance for severe sepsis in women with chorioamnionitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015; 212(4): 536.e1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.11.007
  86. Bridwell R.E., Carius B.M., Long B., et al. Sepsis in Pregnancy: Recognition and Resuscitation. West J Emerg Med. 2019; 20(5): 822–32. DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2019.6.43369
  87. Moore J., Thomson D., Pimentil I., et al. Introduction of a modified obstetric early warning system -(-MOEWS-)- at an Ethiopian referral hospital: a feasibility assessment. BMJ Open Qual. 2019; 8(1): e000503. DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000503
  88. Agarwal R., Yadav R.K., Mohta M., et al. Sepsis in Obstetrics Score (SOS) utility and validation for triaging patients with obstetric sepsis in the emergency department: Evidence from a low income health care setting. Obstet Med. 2019; 12(2): 90–6. DOI: 10.1177/1753495X18761522
  89. Albright C.M., Ali T.N., Lopes V., et al. The Sepsis in Obstetrics Score: a model to identify risk of morbidity from sepsis in pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014; 211(1): 39.e1–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.010
  90. Isaacs R.A., Wee M.Y., Bick D.E., et al. Members of the Modified Obstetric Early Warning Systems Research Group. A national survey of obstetric early warning systems in the United Kingdom: five years on. Anaesthesia. 2014; 69(7): 687–92. DOI: 10.1111/anae.12708
  91. Zuckerwise L.C., Lipkind H.S. Maternal early warning systems-Towards reducing preventable maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity through improved clinical surveillance and responsiveness. Semin Perinatol. 2017; 41(3): 161–5. DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2017.03.005
  92. Maguire P.J., OʼHiggins A.C., Power K.A., et al. Maternal bacteremia and the Irish maternity early warning system. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015; 129(2): 142–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2014.11.022
  93. Nair S., Spring A., Dockrell L., Mac Colgain S. Irish Maternal Early Warning Score. Ir J Med Sci. 2020; 189(1): 229–35. DOI: 10.1007/s11845-019-02028-1
  94. Herbel S, Uhel F, Sibiude J, Charlier C. Sepsis et grossesse [Sepsis during pregnancy: Key points in 2022]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol. 2023 Feb;51(2):134-142. French. DOI:10.1016/j.gofs.2022.11.007.
  95. Zou Y., Liao L., Wei Z., et al. A 1-hour Bundle compliance survey of the “Surviving Sepsis Campaign” and its impact on the prognosis of sepsis patients: a multicenter, prospective observational cohort study. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2021; 33(6): 671–5. Chinese. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20210408-00520
  96. Yang H., Wang W., Li Y., et al. Application effect of 1-hour bundle in the treatment of patients with sepsis. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2019; 31(9): 1087–90. Chinese. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2019.09.006
  97. Briegel J., Möhnle P. Surviving Sepsis Campaign Update 2018: das 1‑h-Bundle: Hintergrund zu den neuen Empfehlungen [Surviving Sepsis Campaign update 2018: the 1 h bundle: Background to the new recommendations]. Anaesthesist. 2019; 68(4): 204–7. German. DOI: 10.1007/s00101-019-0571-5
  98. Kalil A.C., Johnson D.W., Lisco S.J., Sun J. Early Goal-Directed Therapy for Sepsis: A Novel Solution for Discordant Survival Outcomes in Clinical Trials. Crit Care Med. 2017; 45(4): 607–14. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002235
  99. Evans L., Rhodes A., Alhazzani W., et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. Crit Care Med. 2021; 49(11): e1063–e1143. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000005337
  100. Egi M., Ogura H., Yatabe T., et al. The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2020 (J-SSCG 2020). Acute Med Surg. 2021; 8(1): e659. DOI: 10.1002/ams2.659
  101. Seymour C.W., Gesten F., Prescott H.C., et al. Time to Treatment and Mortality during Mandated Emergency Care for Sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2017; 376(23): 2235–44. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1703058
  102. Mixon M., Dietrich S., Floren M., et al. Time to antibiotic administration: Sepsis alerts called in emergency department versus in the field via emergency medical services. Am J Emerg Med. 2021; 44: 291–5. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.008
  103. Im Y., Kang D., Ko R.E., et al. Korean Sepsis Alliance (KSA) investigators. Time-to-antibiotics and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a prospective nationwide multicenter cohort study. Crit Care. 2022; 26(1): 19. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03883-0
  104. Buckman S.A., Turnbull I.R., Mazuski J.E. Empiric Antibiotics for Sepsis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2018; 19(2): 147–54. DOI: 10.1089/sur.2017.282
  105. Bassetti M., Rello J., Blasi F., et al. Systematic review of the impact of appropriate versus inappropriate initial antibiotic therapy on outcomes of patients with severe bacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020; 56(6): 106184. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106184
  106. Carrara E., Pfeffer I., Zusman O., et al. Determinants of inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018; 51(4): 548–53. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.013
  107. Asner S.A., Desgranges F., Schrijver I.T., Calandra T. Impact of the timeliness of antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock. J Infect. 2021; 82(5): 125–34. DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2021.03.003
  108. Sterling S.A., Miller W.R., Pryor J., et al. The Impact of Timing of Antibiotics on Outcomes in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Crit Care Med. 2015; 43(9): 1907–15. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001142
  109. Ferrer R., Martin-Loeches I., Phillips G., et al. Empiric antibiotic treatment reduces mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock from the first hour: results from a guideline-based performance improvement program. Crit Care Med. 2014; 42(8): 1749–55. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000000330
  110. Chapman E., Reveiz L., Illanes E., Bonfill Cosp X. Antibiotic regimens for management of intra-amniotic infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014; 12: CD010976. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010976.pub2
  111. Liu V.X., Fielding-Singh V., Greene J.D., et al. The Timing of Early Antibiotics and Hospital Mortality in Sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(7):856-863. doi:10.1164/rccm.201609-1848OC.
  112. Rüddel H., Thomas-Rüddel D.O., Reinhart K., et al. Adverse effects of delayed antimicrobial treatment and surgical source control in adults with sepsis: results of a planned secondary analysis of a cluster-randomized controlled trial. Crit Care. 2022; 26(1): 51. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-03901-9
  113. Puskarich M.A., Trzeciak S., Shapiro N.I., et al. Emergency Medicine Shock Research Network (EMSHOCKNET). Association between timing of antibiotic administration and mortality from septic shock in patients treated with a quantitative resuscitation protocol. Crit Care Med. 2011; 39(9): 2066–71. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31821e87ab
  114. Pacheco L.D., Saad A.F., Saade G.R. A Practical Approach to Antibiotic Use in Critically Ill Obstetric Patients. Obstet Gynecol. 2021; 138(3): 459–65. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000004473
  115. Kollef M.H., Shorr A.F., Bassetti M., et al. Timing of antibiotic therapy in the ICU. Crit Care. 2021; 25(1): 360. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03787-z
  116. Bisarya R., Song X., Salle J., et al. Antibiotic Timing and Progression to Septic Shock Among Patients in the ED With Suspected Infection. Chest. 2022; 161(1): 112–20. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2021.06.029
  117. Kumar A., Roberts D., Wood K.E., et al. Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2006; 34(6): 1589–96. DOI: 10.1097/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9
  118. Stephens A.J., Chauhan S.P., Barton J.R., Sibai B.M. Maternal Sepsis: A Review of National and International Guidelines. Am J Perinatol. 2021; 10.1055/s-0041-1736382. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736382
  119. Koren G., Pariente G. Pregnancy-Associated Changes in Pharmacokinetics and their Clinical Implications. Pharm Res. 2018; 35(3): 61. DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2352-2
  120. The Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy 2021. 51st ed. Ed. Gilbert D.N., Chambers H.F., Saag M.S., Pavia A.T., Boucher H.W. 2021.
  121. Tsuji B.T., Pogue J.M., Zavascki A.P., et al. International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP). Pharmacotherapy. 2019; 39(1): 10–39. PMID: 30710469; PMCID: PMC7437259. DOI: 10.1002/phar.2209
  122. Kabil G., Frost S.A., Hatcher D., et al. Early fluid bolus in adults with sepsis in the emergency department: a systematic review, meta-analysis and narrative synthesis. BMC Emerg Med. 2022; 22(1): 3. DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00558-5
  123. Xantus G.Z., Allen P., Norman S., Kanizsai P.L. Mortality benefit of crystalloids administered in 1–6 hours in septic adults in the ED: systematic review with narrative synthesis. Emerg Med J. 2021; 38(6): 430–8. DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-210298
  124. Jiang S., Wu M., Lu X., et al. Is restrictive fluid resuscitation beneficial not only for hemorrhagic shock but also for septic shock?: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021; 100(12): e25143. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025143
  125. Tseng C.H., Chen T.T., Wu M.Y., et al. Resuscitation fluid types in sepsis, surgical, and trauma patients: a systematic review and sequential network meta-analyses. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1): 693. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03419-y
  126. Meyhoff T.S., Møller M.H., Hjortrup P.B., et al. Lower vs Higher Fluid Volumes During Initial Management of Sepsis: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Chest. 2020; 157(6): 1478–96. DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.11.050
  127. Allen J.M., Feild C., Shoulders B.R., Voils S.A. Recent Updates in the Pharmacological Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review Focused on Fluid Resuscitation, Vasopressors, and Corticosteroids. Ann Pharmacother. 2019; 53(4): 385–95. DOI: 10.1177/1060028018812940
  128. Ward M.A., Kuttab H.I., Tuck N., et al. The Effect of Fluid Initiation Timing on Sepsis Mortality: A Meta-Analysis. J Intensive Care Med. 2022; 37(11): 1504–11. DOI: 10.1177/08850666221118513
  129. Bjerregaard M.R., Hjortrup P.B., Perner A. Indications for fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock: Post-hoc analyses of the CLASSIC trial. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2019; 63(3): 337–43. DOI: 10.1111/aas.13269
  130. Hjortrup P.B., Haase N., Wetterslev J., et al. Effects of fluid restriction on measures of circulatory efficacy in adults with septic shock. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2017; 61(4): 390–8. DOI: 10.1111/aas.12862
  131. Tyagi A., Maitra S., Bhattacharjee S. Comparison of colloid and crystalloid using goal-directed fluid therapy protocol in non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Anesth. 2020; 34(6): 865–75. DOI: 10.1007/s00540-020-02832-5
  132. Lewis S.R., Pritchard M.W., Evans D.J., et al. Colloids versus crystalloids for fluid resuscitation in critically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018; 8(8): CD000567. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD000567.pub7
  133. Hammond D.A., Lam S.W., Rech M.A., et al. Balanced Crystalloids Versus Saline in Critically Ill Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Pharmacother. 2020; 54(1): 5–13. DOI: 10.1177/1060028019866420
  134. Zhu Y., Guo N., Song M., et al. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill patients: The PRISMA study of a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021; 100(38): e27203. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027203
  135. Zwager C.L., Tuinman P.R., de Grooth H.J., et al. Why physiology will continue to guide the choice between balanced crystalloids and normal saline: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2019; 23(1): 366. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2658-4
  136. Zayed Y.Z.M., Aburahma A.M.Y., Barbarawi M.O., et al. Balanced crystalloids versus isotonic saline in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Intensive Care. 2018; 6: 51. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-018-0320-x
  137. Liu C., Mao Z., Hu P., et al. Fluid resuscitation in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2018; 14: 1701–9. DOI: 10.2147/TCRM.S175080
  138. Dong W.H., Yan W.Q., Song X., et al. Fluid resuscitation with balanced crystalloids versus normal saline in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2022; 30(1): 28. DOI: 10.1186/s13049-022-01015-3
  139. Beran A., Altorok N., Srour O., et al. Balanced Crystalloids versus Normal Saline in Adults with Sepsis: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2022; 11(7): 1971. DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071971.125
  140. Meyhoff T.S., Hjortrup P.B., Wetterslev J., et al. Restriction of Intravenous Fluid in ICU Patients with Septic Shock. N Engl J Med. 2022; 386(26): 2459–70. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2202707
  141. Jaehne A.K., Rivers E.P. Early Liberal Fluid Therapy for Sepsis Patients Is Not Harmful: Hydrophobia Is Unwarranted but Drink Responsibly. Crit Care Med. 2016; 44(12): 2263–9. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002145
  142. Joannes-Boyau O., Le Conte P., Bonnet M.P., et al. Guidelines for the choice of intravenous fluids for vascular filling in critically ill patients, 2021. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2022; 41(3): 101058. DOI: 10.1016/j.accpm.2022.101058
  143. Yuan J., Yang X., Yuan Q., et al. Systematic review of ultrasound-guided fluid resuscitation vs. early goal-directed therapy in patients with septic shock. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2020; 32(1): 56–61. Chinese. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20191114-00010
  144. Zhuang Y., Dai L., Cheng L., et al. Inferior vena cava diameter combined with lung ultrasound B-line score to guide fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2020; 32(11): 1356–60. Chinese. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn121430-20200611-00463
  145. Musikatavorn K., Plitawanon P., Lumlertgul S., et al. Randomized Controlled Trial of Ultrasound-guided Fluid Resuscitation of Sepsis-Induced Hypoperfusion and Septic Shock. West J Emerg Med. 2021; 22(2): 369–78. DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.11.48571
  146. Cecconi M., Hernandez G., Dunser M., et al. Fluid administration for acute circulatory dysfunction using basic monitoring: narrative review and expert panel recommendations from an ESICM task force. Intensive Care Med. 2019; 45(1): 21–32. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5415-2
  147. Weigl W., Adamski J., Onichimowski D., et al. Methods of assessing fluid responsiveness in septic shock patients: a narrative review. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2022; 54(2): 175–83. DOI: 10.5114/ait.2022.115368
  148. Megri M., Fridenmaker E., Disselkamp M. Where Are We Heading With Fluid Responsiveness and Septic Shock? Cureus. 2022; 14(4): e23795. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23795
  149. Jozwiak M., Hamzaoui O., Monnet X., Teboul J.L. Fluid resuscitation during early sepsis: a need for individualization. Minerva Anestesiol. 2018; 84(8): 987–92. DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.18.12422-9
  150. Seitz K.P., Qian E.T., Semler M.W. Intravenous fluid therapy in sepsis. Nutr Clin Pract. 2022; 37(5): 990–1003. DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10892
  151. Mayerhöfer T., Wiedermann C.J., Joannidis M. Einsatz von Albumin: State of the art [Use of albumin: State of the art]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed. 2021; 116(8): 655–64. DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00875-4
  152. Carsetti A., Bignami E., Cortegiani A., et al. Good clinical practice for the use of vasopressor and inotropic drugs in critically ill patients: state-of-the-art and expert consensus. Minerva Anestesiol. 2021; 87(6): 714–32. DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.20.14866-1
  153. Ruslan M.A., Baharuddin K.A., Noor N.M., et al. Norepinephrine in Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. West J Emerg Med. 2021; 22(2): 196–203. DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2020.10.47825
  154. Li Y., Li H., Zhang D. Timing of norepinephrine initiation in patients with septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1): 488. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-03204-x
  155. Adda I., Lai C., Teboul J.L., et al. Norepinephrine potentiates the efficacy of volume expansion on mean systemic pressure in septic shock. Crit Care. 2021; 25(1): 302. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03711-5
  156. Elbouhy M.A., Soliman M., Gaber A., et al. Early Use of Norepinephrine Improves Survival in Septic Shock: Earlier than Early. Arch Med Res. 2019; 50(6): 325–32. DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.10.003
  157. Permpikul C., Tongyoo S., Viarasilpa T., et al. Early Use of Norepinephrine in Septic Shock Resuscitation (CENSER). A Randomized Trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019; 199(9): 1097–105. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201806-1034OC
  158. Rhodes A., Evans L.E., Alhazzani W., et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Crit Care Med. 2017; 45(3): 486–552. DOI: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002255
  159. Russell J.A. Vasopressor therapy in critically ill patients with shock. Intensive Care Med. 2019; 45(11): 1503–17. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05801-z
  160. Shi R., Hamzaoui O., De Vita N., et al. Vasopressors in septic shock: which, when, and how much? Ann Transl Med. 2020; 8(12): 794. DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.04.24
  161. Legrand M., Zarbock A. Ten tips to optimize vasopressors use in the critically ill patient with hypotension. Intensive Care Med. 2022; 48(6): 736–9. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06708-y
  162. Knotzer H, Poidinger B, Kleinsasser A. Pharmacologic Agents for the Treatment of Vasodilatory Shock. Curr Pharm Des. 2019;25(19):2133-2139. DOI:10.2174/1381612825666190704101907.
  163. Meresse Z., Medam S., Mathieu C., et al. Vasopressors to treat refractory septic shock. Minerva Anestesiol. 2020; 86(5): 537–45. DOI: 10.23736/S0375-9393.20.13826-4
  164. Feldman R., Stanton M., Chinn M., et al. Choosing a Vasopressor for a Prehospital Emergency Medical System: Consideration for Agent Selection and Review of Pharmacologic Profiles, Efficacy, and Safety in Treatment of Shock. WMJ. 2020; 119(4): 240–7.
  165. Jouffroy R., Hajjar A., Gilbert B., et al. Prehospital norepinephrine administration reduces 30-day mortality among septic shock patients. BMC Infect Dis. 2022; 22(1): 345. DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07337-y
  166. Liu D.H., Ning Y.L., Lei Y.Y., et al. Levosimendan versus dobutamine for sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021; 11(1): 20333. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99716-9
  167. Yu L., Sun R. Evaluation and treatment of sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: a systematic study. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2019; 31(3): 378–80. Chinese. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2019.03.025
  168. Belletti A., Benedetto U., Biondi-Zoccai G., et al. The effect of vasoactive drugs on mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. A network meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Crit Care. 2017; 37: 91–98. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.08.010
  169. Pulido J.N., Afessa B., Masaki M., et al. Clinical spectrum, frequency, and significance of myocardial dysfunction in severe sepsis and septic shock. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012; 87(7): 620–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.01.018
  170. Cheng L., Yan J., Han S., et al. Comparative efficacy of vasoactive medications in patients with septic shock: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care. 2019; 23(1): 168. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-019-2427-4
  171. Carbone F., Liberale L., Preda A., et al. Septic Cardiomyopathy: From Pathophysiology to the Clinical Setting. Cells. 2022; 11(18): 2833. DOI: 10.3390/cells11182833
  172. Kakihana Y., Ito T., Nakahara M., et al. Sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction: pathophysiology and management. J Intensive Care. 2016; 4: 22. DOI: 10.1186/s40560-016-0148-1
  173. Pecchiari M., Pontikis K., Alevrakis E., et al. Cardiovascular Responses During Sepsis. Compr Physiol. 2021; 11(2): 1605–52. DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190044
  174. Liang Y.W., Zhu Y.F., Zhang R., et al. Incidence, prognosis, and risk factors of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. World J Clin Cases. 2021; 9(31): 9452–68. DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9452
  175. Potter E.K., Hodgson L., Creagh-Brown B., Forni L.G. Manipulating the Microcirculation in Sepsis — the Impact of Vasoactive Medications on Microcirculatory Blood Flow: A Systematic Review. Shock. 2019; 52(1): 5–12. DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001239
  176. Feng F., Chen Y., Li M., et al. Levosimendan does not reduce the mortality of critically ill adult patients with sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2019; 132(10): 1212–17. DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000000197
  177. Chang W., Xie J.F., Xu J.Y., Yang Y. Effect of levosimendan on mortality in severe sepsis and septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ Open. 2018; 8(3): e019338. DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019338
  178. Li Q., Xie J.F., Liu L. A meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on the outcomes of patients with septic shock. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2020; 59(6): 451–9. Chinese. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20190802-00536
  179. Bosch N.A., Teja B., Wunsch H., Walkey A.J. Practice Patterns in the Initiation of Secondary Vasopressors and Adjunctive Corticosteroids during Septic Shock in the United States. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2021; 18(12): 2049–57. DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202102-196OC
  180. Liang H., Song H., Zhai R., et al. Corticosteroids for Treating Sepsis in Adult Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Immunol. 2021; 12: 709155. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.709155
  181. Yao Y.Y., Lin L.L., Gu H.Y., et al. Are Corticosteroids Beneficial for Sepsis and Septic Shock? Based on Pooling Analysis of 16 Studies. Front Pharmacol. 2019; 10: 714. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00714
  182. Rygård S.L., Butler E., Granholm A., et al. Low-dose corticosteroids for adult patients with septic shock: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2018; 44(7): 1003–16. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-018-5197-6
  183. Tilouche N., Jaoued O., Ali H.B.S., et al. Comparison Between Continuous and Intermittent Administration of Hydrocortisone During Septic Shock: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Shock. 2019; 52(5): 481–6. DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000001316
  184. Briegel J., Möhnle P., Keh D., et al. SepNet Critical Care Trials Group. Corticotropin-stimulated steroid profiles to predict shock development and mortality in sepsis: From the HYPRESS study. Crit Care. 2022; 26(1): 343. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04224-5
  185. Hussein A.A., Sabry N.A., Abdalla M.S., Farid S.F. A prospective, randomised clinical study comparing triple therapy regimen to hydrocortisone monotherapy in reducing mortality in septic shock patients. Int J Clin Pract. 2021; 75(9): e14376. DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14376
  186. Lyu Q.Q., Chen Q.H., Zheng R.Q., et al. Effect of Low-Dose Hydrocortisone Therapy in Adult Patients With Septic Shock: A Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Intensive Care Med. 2020; 35(10): 971–83. DOI: 10.1177/0885066618803062
  187. Yamamoto R., Nahara I., Toyosaki M., et al. Hydrocortisone with fludrocortisone for septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acute Med Surg. 2020; 7(1): e563. DOI: 10.1002/ams2.563
  188. Annane D., Bellissant E., Bollaert P.E., et al. Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019; 12(12): CD002243. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002243.pub4
  189. Yerke J., Strnad K., Bauer S.R. Corticosteroids for Septic Shock: Another Chapter in the Saga. Hosp Pharm. 2020; 55(2): 135–42. DOI: 10.1177/0018578719829416
  190. Maccagnan Pinheiro Besen B.A., Tomazini B.M., Pontes Azevedo L.C. Mechanical ventilation in septic shock. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2021; 34(2): 107–12. DOI: 10.1097/ACO.0000000000000955
  191. Mellado-Artigas R., Ferrando C., Martino F., et al. Early intubation and patient-centered outcomes in septic shock: a secondary analysis of a prospective multicenter study. Crit Care. 2022; 26(1): 163. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-022-04029-6.
  192. Yang T., Shen Y., Park J.G., et al. Outcome after intubation for septic shock with respiratory distress and hemodynamic compromise: an observational study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021; 21(1): 253. DOI: 10.1186/s12871-021-01471-x
  193. Delbove A., Darreau C., Hamel J.F., et al. Impact of endotracheal intubation on septic shock outcome: A post hoc analysis of the SEPSISPAM trial. J Crit Care. 2015; 30(6): 1174–8. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.08.018
  194. Pandya S.T., Krishna S.J. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Pregnancy. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2021; 25(Suppl 3): S241–S247. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24036.
  195. Bhatia P.K., Biyani G., Mohammed S., et al. Acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation in pregnant patient: A narrative review of literature. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2016; 32(4): 431–9. DOI: 10.4103/0970-9185.194779
  196. Neto A.S., Schultz M.J., Festic E., et al. Ventilatory Support of Patients with Sepsis or Septic Shock in Resource-Limited Settings. 2019. In: Dondorp A.M., Dünser M.W., Schultz M.J., editors. Sepsis Management in Resource-limited Settings [Internet]. Cham (CH): Springer; 2019. Chapter 6.
  197. Zampieri F.G., Mazza B. Mechanical Ventilation in Sepsis: A Reappraisal. Shock. 2017; 47(1S Suppl 1): 41–6. DOI: 10.1097/SHK.0000000000000702
  198. Kim W.Y., Hong S.B. Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Recent Update. Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul). 2016; 79(2): 53–7.
  199. Goligher E.C., Telias I., Sahetya S.K., et al. Physiology Is Vital to Precision Medicine in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022; 206(1): 14–6. DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202202-0230ED
  200. Chestnutʼs Obstetric Anesthesia: Principles and Practice. 6th Edition. D.H. Chestnut et al. Elsevier, 2019.
  201. Shnider and Levinson’s anesthesia for obstetrics. 5th ed. Ed. M. Suresh et al. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
  202. Oxford Textbook of Obstetric Anaesthesia. Ed. by V. Clark, M. Van de Velde, R. Fernando. Oxford University Press, 2016.
  203. Millerʼs Anesthesia. 2 Volume Set. 9th Ed. Eds. M. Gropper, L. Eriksson, L.Fleisher, J. Wiener-Kronish, N. Cohen, K. Leslie. Elsevier, 2019.
  204. Miyoshi Y., Kaneko S., Suga S., et al. Comparison of the benefits and hemodynamic side effects of oxytocin between intravenous infusion with and without bolus injection during caesarean section. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2021; 41(4): 557–61. DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2020.1780421
  205. Reitz K.M., Kennedy J., Li S.R., et al. Association Between Time to Source Control in Sepsis and 90-Day Mortality. JAMA Surg. 2022; 157(9): 817–26. DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2022.2761
  206. Vallés J., Diaz E., Carles Oliva J., et al. Clinical risk factors for early mortality in patients with community-acquired septic shock. The importance of adequate source control. Med Intensiva (Engl Ed). 2021; 45(9): 541–51. DOI: 10.1016/j.medine.2020.05.013
  207. Bloos F., Rüddel H., Thomas-Rüddel D., et al. Effect of a multifaceted educational intervention for anti-infectious measures on sepsis mortality: a cluster randomized trial. Intensive Care Med. 2017; 43(11): 1602–12. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-017-4782-4
  208. Soop M., Carlson G.L. Recent developments in the surgical management of complex intra-abdominal infection. Br J Surg. 2017; 104(2): e65–e74. DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10437
  209. De Pascale G., Antonelli M., Deschepper M., et al. Abdominal Sepsis Study (AbSeS) group and the Trials Group of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Poor timing and failure of source control are risk factors for mortality in critically ill patients with secondary peritonitis. Intensive Care Med. 2022; 48(11): 1593–606. DOI: 10.1007/s00134-022-06883-y
  210. Ho V.P., Kaafarani H., Rattan R., et al. Sepsis 2019: What Surgeons Need to Know. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2020; 21(3): 195–204. DOI: 10.1089/sur.2019.126
  211. Rausei S., Pappalardo V., Ruspi L., et al. Early Versus Delayed Source Control in Open Abdomen Management for Severe Intra-abdominal Infections: A Retrospective Analysis on 111 Cases. World J Surg. 2018; 42(3): 707–12. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-4233-y
  212. Chinese Society of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association; Infectious Diseases Society for Evidence-based and Translational Medicine of Chinese Research Hospital Association; Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Surgery. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2021; 59(3): 161–78. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20201223-00874
  213. Chaudhary V., Singh M., Nain S., et al. Incidence, Management and Outcomes in Women Undergoing Peripartum Hysterectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre in India. Cureus. 2021; 13(3): e14171. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.14171
  214. Kallianidis A.F., Maraschini A., Danis J., et al. Epidemiological analysis of peripartum hysterectomy across nine European countries. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2020; 99(10): 1364–73. DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13892
  215. Peden C.J., Aggarwal G., Aitken R.J., et al. Guidelines for Perioperative Care for Emergency Laparotomy Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society Recommendations: Part 1-Preoperative: Diagnosis, Rapid Assessment and Optimization. World J Surg. 2021; 45(5): 1272–90. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-05994-9
  216. Boyd-Carson H., Doleman B., Cromwell D., et al.; National Emergency Laparotomy Audit Collaboration. Delay in Source Control in Perforated Peptic Ulcer Leads to 6 % Increased Risk of Death Per Hour: A Nationwide Cohort Study. World J Surg. 2020; 44(3): 869–75. DOI: 10.1007/s00268-019-05254-x
  217. Global Guidelines for the Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018.
  218. WHO recommendation on routine antibiotic prophylaxis for women undergoing operative vaginal birth [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021.
  219. WHO recommendation on prophylactic antibiotics for women undergoing caesarean section [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021.
  220. WHO Recommendations for Prevention and Treatment of Maternal Peripartum Infections. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2015.
  221. Committee on Practice Bulletins-Obstetrics. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 199: Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Labor and Delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 132(3): e103–e119. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002833
  222. Committee Opinion No. 712: Intrapartum Management of Intraamniotic Infection. Obstet Gynecol. 2017; 130(2): e95–e101. DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002236
  223. Parfitt S.E., Bogat M.L., Roth C. Sepsis in Obstetrics: Treatment, Prognosis, and Prevention. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs. 2017; 42(4): 206–9. DOI: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000341
  224. Perez Nieto O.R., Wong A., Lopez Fermin J., et al. Aiming for zero fluid accumulation: First, do no harm. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2021; 53(2): 162–78. DOI: 10.5114/ait.2021.105252
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2023 Annals of Critical Care

Most read articles by the same author(s)

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 > >>